Concept explainers
The relationship between yield of maize (a type of com), date of planting, and planting density was investigated in the article “Development of a Model for Use in Maize Replant Decisions” (Agronomy Journal [1980]: 459-464). Let
y = Maize yield (percent)
x1 = Planting date (days after April 20)
x2 = Planting density (10.000 plants/ha)
The regression model with both quadratic terms (y = α + β1x1 + β2x2 + β3x3 + β4x4 + e where x3 =
- a. If α = 21.09, β1 = 0.653, β2 = 0.0022, β3 = 2.0206, and β4 = 0.4, what is the population regression
function ? - b. Use the regression function in Part (a) to determine the
mean yield for a plot planted on May 6 with a density of 41,180 plants/ha. - c. Would the mean yield be higher for a planting date of May 6 or May 22 (for the same density)?
- d. Is it appropriate to interpret β1 = 0.653 as the average change in yield when planting date increases by one day and the values of the other three predictors are held fixed? Why or why not?
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
- Olympic Pole Vault The graph in Figure 7 indicates that in recent years the winning Olympic men’s pole vault height has fallen below the value predicted by the regression line in Example 2. This might have occurred because when the pole vault was a new event there was much room for improvement in vaulters’ performances, whereas now even the best training can produce only incremental advances. Let’s see whether concentrating on more recent results gives a better predictor of future records. (a) Use the data in Table 2 (page 176) to complete the table of winning pole vault heights shown in the margin. (Note that we are using x=0 to correspond to the year 1972, where this restricted data set begins.) (b) Find the regression line for the data in part ‚(a). (c) Plot the data and the regression line on the same axes. Does the regression line seem to provide a good model for the data? (d) What does the regression line predict as the winning pole vault height for the 2012 Olympics? Compare this predicted value to the actual 2012 winning height of 5.97 m, as described on page 177. Has this new regression line provided a better prediction than the line in Example 2?arrow_forwardSuppose that researchers are interested in determining the bi-annual salary of statisticians of different levels using their years of experience and their education level (M = bachelors, P = doctorate). They fit the following model to a dataset that includes these variables and, after performing the proper steps of multiple linear regression, the following multiple linear regression model is obtained: yˆ = 42308 + 323x1 + 213x2 + 301(x1*x2) where the variables are as follows: yˆ = predicted bi−annual salary in dollars, x1 = number of years of experiencex2= {1 if the education level is a doctorate 0 if the education level is a bachelors What is the predicted bi-annual starting salary of an employee with a doctorate degree? (Someone with no work experience). $ What is the predicted bi-annual starting salary of an employee with a bachelor’s degree? (Someone with no work experience). $arrow_forwardSnowpacks contain a wide spectrum of pollutants thatmay represent environmental hazards. The article“Atmospheric PAH Deposition: Deposition Velocitiesand Washout Ratios” (J. of EnvironmentalEngineering, 2002: 186–195) focused on the depositionof polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The authors proposeda multiple regression model for relating depositionover a specified time period (y, in mg/m2) to tworather complicated predictors x1 (mg-sec/m3) and x2 (mg/m2), defined in terms of PAH air concentrations forvarious species, total time, and total amount of precipitation.Here is data on the species fluoranthene andcorresponding Minitab output:obs x1 x2 flth1 92017 .0026900 278.782 51830 .0030000 124.533 17236 .0000196 22.654 15776 .0000360 28.685 33462 .0004960 32.666 243500 .0038900 604.707 67793 .0011200 27.698 23471 .0006400 14.189 13948 .0004850 20.6410 8824 .0003660 20.6011 7699 .0002290 16.6112 15791 .0014100 15.0813 10239 .0004100 18.0514 43835 .0000960 99.7115 49793 .0000896 58.9716 40656…arrow_forward
- The measure of standard error can also be applied to the parameter estimates resulting from linear regressions. For example, consider the following linear regression equation that describes the relationship between education and wage: WAGEi=β0+β1EDUCi+εi where WAGEi is the hourly wage of person i (i.e., any specific person) and EDUCi is the number of years of education for that same person. The residual εi encompasses other factors that influence wage, and is assumed to be uncorrelated with education and have a mean of zero. Suppose that after collecting a cross-sectional data set, you run an OLS regression to obtain the following parameter estimates: WAGEi=−11.5+6.1 EDUCi If the standard error of the estimate of β1 is 1.32, then the true value of β1 lies between(4.78, 4.12, 3.46, 5.44) and (6.76, 7.42, 8.74) . As the number of observations in a data set grows, you would expect this range to (DECREASE , INCREASE) in size.arrow_forwardAn experiment was performed on a certain metal to determine if the strength is a function of heating time. Results based on 10 metal sheets are given below. ∑ X = 30 ∑ X 2 = 104 ∑ Y = 40 ∑ Y 2 = 178 ∑ XY = 134 Using the simple linear regression model, find the estimated y-intercept and slope and write the equation of the least squares regression line.arrow_forwardA county real estate appraiser wants to develop a statistical model to predict the appraised value of houses in a section of the county called East Meadow. One of the many variables thought to be an important predictor of appraised value is the number of rooms in the house. Consequently, the appraiser decided to fit the simple linear regression model: E(y) = β0 + β1x, where y = appraised value of the house (in thousands of dollars) and x = number of rooms. Using data collected for a sample of n = 74 houses in East Meadow, the following results were obtained: = 74.80 + 19.84 xGive a practical interpretation of the estimate of the slope of the least squares line. For a house with 0 rooms, we estimate the appraised value to be $74,800. For each additional room in the house, we estimate the appraised value to increase $74,800. For each additional room in the house, we estimate the appraised value to increase $19,840. For each additional dollar of…arrow_forward
- A. Identify the regression analyses necessary for testing this initial model. B. What are the direct and indirect effects of z2 on z5?arrow_forwardpropose a model that fulfill all five assumptions of the disturbance terms in classical linear regressionarrow_forwardThe monthly premium quoted by an insurance company for a critical illness policy was collected from a sample of 6 adult male smokers at different age. The data for the sample are shown: Age 28 25 50 39 47 31 Premium ($) 75 40 175 125 250 105 Using Age to predict premium, the Linear Regression equation is given by: ŷ =6.556X−112 and r2=0.813y^=6.556X−112 and r2=0.813 a. Identify the independent and Dependent variables. Dependent: Age Premium Independent: Age Premium b. Determine the slope. Slope = Slope = Round to 3 decimal places c. Determine |r||r| . |r|=|r|= Round to 3 decimal places d. Interpret rr : and e. Determine critical r value at 5% significance level and determine if there is a significant linear correlation exists. |r| critical=|r| critical= Round to 3 decimal places Linear Correlation:Linear Correlation: Significant Not Significant f. Predict the monthly premium for a 40 years old adult male smoker.…arrow_forward
- The quality of the orange juice produced by a certain manufacturer is constantly monitored. Data collected on the sweetness index of an orange juice sample and amount of water-soluble pectin for 24 production runs at a juice manufacturing plant are shown in the accompanying table. Suppose a manufacturer wants to use simple linear regression to predict the sweetness (y) from the amount of pectin (x). Find and interpret the coefficient of determination, r2, and the coefficient of correlation, r. Find and interpret the coefficient of determination, r2. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer box within your choice. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) A. The coefficient of determination, r2, is enter your response here. Sample variations in the amount of water-soluble pectin explain 100r2% of the sample variation in the sweetness index using the least squares line. B. The coefficient of determination, r2, is enter your…arrow_forwardThe table below shows the number of state-registered automatic weapons and the murder rate for several Northwestern states. xx 11.3 8.3 6.8 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.5 0.4 yy 13.5 11 9.6 6.9 6 6.4 5.9 4.1 xx = thousands of automatic weaponsyy = murders per 100,000 residents Use your calculator to determine the equation of the regression line. (Round to 2 decimal places)Determine the regression equation in y = ax + b form and write it below. A) How many murders per 100,000 residents can be expected in a state with 2.4 thousand automatic weapons?Answer = Round to 3 decimal places. B) How many murders per 100,000 residents can be expected in a state with 7.3 thousand automatic weapons?Answer = Round to 3 decimal places.arrow_forwardWe wish to predict the salary for baseball players (yy) using the variables RBI (x1x1) and HR (x2x2), then we use a regression equation of the form ˆy=b0+b1x1+b2x2y^=b0+b1x1+b2x2. HR - Home runs - hits on which the batter successfully touched all four bases, without the contribution of a fielding error. RBI - Run batted in - number of runners who scored due to a batters's action, except when batter grounded into double play or reached on an error Salary is in millions of dollars. RBI's HR's Salary (in millions) 108 38 28.050 86 31 27.500 59 25 25.000 119 31 25.000 103 39 24.050 44 15 23.125 49 11 23.000 111 30 22.750 87 31 22.125 90 18 21.857 49 7 21.667 70 21 21.571 108 35 21.500 56 9 21.143 84 38 21.119 80 14 20.802 17 7 20.000 79 24 20.000 91 31 20.000 97 29 20.000 57 13 18.500 44 8 18.000 104 32 18.000 86 27 18.000 100 25 17.454 62 20 17.000 58 20 17.000 100 29 16.083 127 38 16.000 83 29 16.000 59 30 16.000 54…arrow_forward
- College AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9781305115545Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Linear Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305658004Author:Ron LarsonPublisher:Cengage Learning