Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- a) NH3 is a weak base (?b=1.8×10−5) and so the salt NH4Cl acts as a weak acid. What is the pH of a solution that is 0.060 M in NH4Cl at 25 °C? b) HClO is a weak acid (?a=4.0×10−8) and so the salt NaClO acts as a weak base. What is the pH of a solution that is 0.056 M in NaClO at 25 °C? c) Given that Ka for HClO is 4.0×10−8 at 25 °C, what is the value of Kb for ClO- at 25 °C? ci) Given that Kb for C6H5NH2 is 1.7×10−9 at 25 °C, what is the value of Ka for C6H5NH3+ at 25 °C? d) What is the Ka reaction of HCN? di) The Ka of HCN is 6.2×10−10. What is the Kb value for CN− at 25 °C?arrow_forward(a) Define Lewis acids and bases in the following equations: 1. FeBr3 (s) + Br– (aq) FeBr4– (aq) 2. SO3 (g) + H2O (l) H2SO4 (aq) 3. Ag + (aq) + 2 NH3 (aq) [Ag (NH3) 2] + (aq) 4. CN– (aq) + H2O (l) HCN (aq) + OH– (aq) (b) For the anion complex [CdI4] 2– (aq), the formation constant, Kf, is 1.4 x 10 ^ 6. For [CdCl4] 2– (aq), the instability constant, Kinst, is 1.0 x 10 ^ (- 3). Write the equations of their formation and state which of the two complexes is more stable. Justify your answers.arrow_forwardNicotinic acid, C6H5NO2, is found in minute amounts in all living cells, hut appreciable amounts occur in liver, yeast, milk, adrenal glands, white meat, and corn. Whole wheat (lour contains about 60. 0g per gram of flour. One gram (1.00 g) of the acid dissolves in water to give 60. mL of solution having a pH of 2.70. What is the approximate value of Ka for the acid? Nicotinic acidarrow_forward
- Hydrazine, N2H4 (having the structure H2NNH2), and its derivatives have been used as rocket fuels. Draw the Lewis electron-dot formula for the hydrazine molecule. Describe the geometries expected about the nitrogen atoms in this molecule. Why would you expect hydrazine to be basic? Which substance, NH3 or N2H4, would you expect to be more basic? Why? Write the chemical equation in which hydrazine reacts with hydrochloric acids to form the salt N2H5Cl. Consider the positive ion of this salt. How does its basic character compare with that of NH3 and N2H4? Explain.arrow_forwardBoron trifluoride, BF3, and diethyl ether, (C2H5)2O, react to produce a compound with the formula BF3 : (C2H5)2O. A coordinate covalent bond is formed between the boron atom on BF3 and the oxygen atom on (C2H5)2O. Write the equation for this reaction, using Lewis electron-dot formulas. Label the Lewis acid and the Lewis base. Determine how many grams of BF3: (C2H5)2O are formed when 9.10 g BF3 and 23.3 g (C2H5)2O are placed in a reaction vessel, assuming that the reaction goes to completion.arrow_forwardThe base ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) has a Kb of. A closely related base, ethanolamine(HOCH2CH2NH2), has a Kb of 3.2105. (a) Which of the two bases is stronger? (b) Calculate the pH of a 0.10M solution of the strong base?arrow_forward
- Consider pyridine, C5H5N, a pesticide and deer repellent. Its conjugate acid, C5H5NH+, has K a =6.7106. (a) Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that shows the basicity of aqueous solutions of pyridine. (b) Calculate Kb for the reaction in (a). (c) Find the pH of a solution prepared by mixing 2.74 g of pyridine in enough water to make 685 mL of solution.arrow_forwardPlace the species in each of the following groups in order of increasing acid strength. a. H2O, H2S, H2Se (bond energies: HO, 467 kJ/mol; HS, 363 kJ/mol; HSe, 276 kJ/mol) b. CH3CO2H, FCH2CO2H, F2CHCO2H, F3CCO2H c. NH4+, HONH3+ d. NH4+, PH4+ (bond energies: NH, 391 kJ/mol; PH, 322 kJ/mol) Give reasons for the orders you chose.arrow_forwardWhat is the ionization constant at 25 C for the weak acid CH3 NH3+, the conjugate acid of the weak base CH3NH2, Kb=4.4104.arrow_forward
- In the following reaction of tetrafluoroboric acid, HBF4, with the acetate ion, C2H3O2, the formation of tetrafluoroborate ion, BF4 , and acetic acid, HC2H3O2 is favored. HBF4+C2H3O2BF4+HC2H3O2 Which is the weaker base, BF4 or acetate ion?arrow_forwardA hydrogen atom in the organic base pyridine, C5H5N, can be substituted by various atoms or groups to give XC5H4N, where X is an atom such as Cl or a group such as CH3. The following table gives Ka values for the conjugate acids of a variety of substituted pyridines. (a) Suppose each conjugate acid is dissolved in sufficient water to give a 0.050 M solution. Which solution would have the highest pH? The lowest pH? (b) Which of the substituted pyridines is the strongest Brnsted base? Which is the weakest Brnsted base?arrow_forward
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