Chapter 15, Problem 16P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on the metabolism with genetic change such as knockout of glycogen debranching enzyme in the liver.

Introduction:

Researchers have manipulated mouse genes so that a single gene in a particular tissue either produces an active protein or produces an inactive protein. The inactivation of protein (knockout) or production of active protein should be in continuation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on metabolism with genetic change such as knockout of hexokinase IV in the liver.

Introduction:

Metabolism is the “sum of the chemical reactions that occur within the body”. It controls the chemical reactions and cellular structure in an organism. Metabolic energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds of ATP.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on metabolism with genetic change such as knockout of FBPase-2 in the liver.

Introduction:

Researchers have manipulated mouse genes so that a single gene in a particular tissue either produces an active protein or produces an inactive protein. The inactivation of protein (knockout) or production of active protein should be in continuation.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on metabolism with genetic change such as constitutively active FBPase-2 in the liver.

Introduction:

Metabolism is the “sum of the chemical reactions that occur within the body”. It controls the chemical reactions and cellular structure in an organism. Metabolic energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds of ATP.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on metabolism with genetic change such as constitutively active AMPK in muscle.

Introduction:

Metabolism is the “sum of the chemical reactions that occur within the body”. There are two categories of metabolism: catabolism and anabolism. Breakdown of molecules in the body to obtain energy is catabolism while synthesis of compounds required by the body using energy is known as anabolism.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The effects on metabolism with genetic change such as constitutively active ChREBP in the liver.

Introduction:

Metabolism is the “sum of the chemical reactions that occur within the body”. It controls the chemical reactions and cellular structure in an organism. Metabolic energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds of ATP.