College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 15, Problem 16PE
Unreasonable Results
What is wrong with the claim that a cyclical
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Chapter 15 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 15 - Describe the photo of the tea kettle at the...Ch. 15 - The first law of thermodynamics and the...Ch. 15 - Heat transfer Q and work done W are always energy...Ch. 15 - How do heat transfer and internal energy differ?...Ch. 15 - If you run down some stairs and stop, what happens...Ch. 15 - Give an explanation of how food energy (calories)...Ch. 15 - Identify the type of energy transferred to your...Ch. 15 - A great deal of effort time, and money has been...Ch. 15 - One method of converting heat transfer to doing...Ch. 15 - Would the previous question make any sense for an...
Ch. 15 - We ordinarily say that U=0 for an isothermal...Ch. 15 - The temperature of a rapidly expanding gas...Ch. 15 - Which cyclical process represented by the two...Ch. 15 - A real process may be nearly adiabatic if it...Ch. 15 - It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal...Ch. 15 - Imagine you are driving a car up Pike’s Peak in...Ch. 15 - Is a temperature difference necessary to operate a...Ch. 15 - Definitions of efficiency vary depending on how...Ch. 15 - Whyother than the fact that the second law of...Ch. 15 - Think about the drinking bird at the beginning of...Ch. 15 - Can improved engineering and materials be employed...Ch. 15 - Does the second law of thermodynamics alter the...Ch. 15 - Explain why heat pumps do not work as well in very...Ch. 15 - In some Northern European nations, homes are being...Ch. 15 - Why do refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat...Ch. 15 - Grocery store managers contend that there is less...Ch. 15 - Can you cool a kitchen by leaving the refrigerator...Ch. 15 - A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September...Ch. 15 - Consider a system with a certain energy content,...Ch. 15 - Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies?...Ch. 15 - Explain how water’s entropy can decrease when it...Ch. 15 - Is a uniform-temperature gas more or less orderly...Ch. 15 - Give an example of a spontaneous process in which...Ch. 15 - What is the change in entropy in an adiabatic...Ch. 15 - Does the entropy at a star increase or decrease as...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a car if...Ch. 15 - How much heat transfer occurs from a system, if...Ch. 15 - A system does 1.80108J of work while 7.50108J of...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a system...Ch. 15 - Suppose a woman does 500 J of work and 9500 J of...Ch. 15 - (a) How much food energy will a man metabolize in...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the average metabolic rate in watts of...Ch. 15 - (a) How long will the energy in a 1470kJ (350kcal)...Ch. 15 - (a) A woman climbing the Washington Monument...Ch. 15 - A car tire contains 0.0380m3 S of air at a...Ch. 15 - A heliumfilled toy balloon has a gauge pressure of...Ch. 15 - Steam to drive an old—fashioned steam locomotive...Ch. 15 - A hand—driven tire pump has a piston with a 2.50cm...Ch. 15 - Calculate the net work output of a heat engine...Ch. 15 - What is the net work output of a heat engine that...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results What is wrong with the claim...Ch. 15 - (a) A cyclical heat engine, operating between...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car's...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car trip...Ch. 15 - A certain heat engine does 10.0 kJ of work and...Ch. 15 - With 2.56106J of heat transfer into this engine, a...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the work output of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the eficiency of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - The engine of a large Ship does 2.00108J of work...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the...Ch. 15 - Assume that the turbines at a coal—powered power...Ch. 15 - This problem compares the energy output and heat...Ch. 15 - A certain gasoline engine has an efficiency of...Ch. 15 - A gascooled nuclear reactor operates between hot...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the hot reservoir temperature of a...Ch. 15 - Steam locomotives have an efficiency of 17.0% and...Ch. 15 - Practical steam engines utilize 450C steam, which...Ch. 15 - A coalfired electrical power station has an...Ch. 15 - Would you be willing to financially back an...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results (a) Suppose you want to...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results Calculate the cold reservoir...Ch. 15 - What is the coefficient of performance of an ideal...Ch. 15 - Suppose you have an ideal refrigerator that cools...Ch. 15 - What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - In a very mild winter climate, a heat pump has...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - Suppose you want to operate an ideal refrigerator...Ch. 15 - An ideal heat pump is being considered for use in...Ch. 15 - A 4ton air conditioner removes 5.60107J (48,000...Ch. 15 - Show that the coefficients of performance of...Ch. 15 - (a) On a winter day, a certain house loses...Ch. 15 - On a hot summer day, 4.00106J of heat transfer...Ch. 15 - A hot rock ejected from a volcano's lava fountain...Ch. 15 - When 1.60105J of heat transfer occurs into a meat...Ch. 15 - The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.801026W...Ch. 15 - (a) In reaching equilibrium, how much heat...Ch. 15 - What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water...Ch. 15 - Find the increase in entropy of 1.00 kg of liquid...Ch. 15 - A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of...Ch. 15 - Using Table 15.4, verify the contention that if...Ch. 15 - What percent of the time will you get something in...Ch. 15 - (a) If tossing 100 coins, how many ways...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) If you toss 10 coins, what percent of the time...Ch. 15 - (a) Construct a table showing the macro states and...Ch. 15 - In an air conditioner, 12.65 MJ of heat transfer...
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- Calculate the net work output of a heat engine following path ABCDA in the figure below.arrow_forwardWhat is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water that condenses on a bathroom mirror at a temperature of 35.0C, assuming no change in temperature and given the latent heal of vaporization to be 2450kJ/kg ?arrow_forwardWhen 1.60105J of heat transfer occurs into a meat pie initially at 20.0C, its entropy increases by 480J/K. What is its final temperature?arrow_forward
- Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car trip into the mountains. Construct a problem in which you calculate the overall efficiency of the car for the trip as a ratio of kinetic and potential energy gained to fuel consumed. Compare this efficiency to the thermodynamic efficiency quoted for gasoline engines and discuss why the thermodynamic eficiency is so much greater. Among the factors to he considered are the gain in altitude and speed, the mass of the car, the distance traveled, and typical fuel economy.arrow_forwardIn a very mild winter climate, a heat pump has heat transfer from an environment at 5.00C to one at 35.0C. What is the best possible coefficient of performance for these temperatures? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the Problem-Solving Strategies for Thermodynamics.arrow_forwardThe first law of thermodynamics and the conservation of energy, as discussed in Conservation of Energy, ale cleanly related. How do they differ in the types of energy considered?arrow_forward
- With 2.56106J of heat transfer into this engine, a given cyclical heat engine can do only 1.50105J of work. (a) What is the engine's efficiency? (b) How much heat transfer to the environment takes place?arrow_forwardExplain how water’s entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings.arrow_forwardAn ice tray contains 500 g of liquid water at 0C. Calculate the change in entropy of the water as it freezes slowly and completely at 0C.arrow_forward
- Discuss three different common examples of natural processes that involve an increase in entropy. Be sure to account for all parts of each system under consideration.arrow_forwardAn ideal refrigerator or ideal heat pump is equivalent to a Carnot engine running in reverse. That is, energy |Qc| is taken in from a cold reservoir and energy |Qh| is rejected to a hot reservoir. (a) Show that the work that must he supplied to run the refrigerator or heat pump is W=ThTcTc|Qc| (b) Show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the ideal refrigerator is COP=TcThTcarrow_forwardOn a hot summer day, 4.00106J of heat transfer into a parked car takes place, increasing its temperature from 35.0C to 45.0C. What is the increase in entropy of the car due to this heat transfer alone?arrow_forward
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