Chapter 15, Problem 23CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: A balanced equation for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the presence of ATP, ADP, NAD⁺, and phosphate.

Concept introduction: The conversion of glucose to pyruvate includes various energetically favorable and unfavorable reactions. The total conversion process is known as glycolysis. The total glycolysis process involves 10 reactions.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: A balanced equation for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in the presence of ATP, ADP, NAD⁺, and arsenate.

Concept introduction: The arsenate ion ( ${\text{AsO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ) chemically resembles with phosphate in many respects. It is also used as an alternative substrate by many phosphate-requiring enzymes. In water, an anhydride bond between the arsenate and carbon is quickly hydrolyzed non-enzymatically.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The region why arsenate is considered to be a poison.

Concept introduction: The arsenate ion ( ${\text{AsO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ) chemically resembles with phosphate in many respects. It is also used as an alternative substrate by many phosphate-requiring enzymes. In water, an anhydride bond between the arsenate and carbon is quickly hydrolyzed non-enzymatically.