Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 15, Problem 43Q
To determine
The length of comet’s iron tail on March 8, 1997 in kilometers and astronomical units.
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A typical comet contains some 1013 kg of water ice. How many comets would have to strike Earth in order to account for the roughly 2×1021 kg of water presently found on our planet? If this amount of water accumulated over a period of 500 million years, how frequently must Earth have been hit by comets during that time?
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Universe
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- The calculation in Example 13.1 refers to the known Oort cloud, the source for most of the comets we see. If, as some astronomers suspect, there are 10 times this many cometary objects in the solar system, how does the total mass of cometary matter compare with the mass of Jupiter?arrow_forwardHow do the risks of dying from the impact of an asteroid or comet compare with other risks we are concerned about, such as dying in a car accident or from heart disease or some other natural cause? (Hint: To find the annual risk, go to the library or internet and look up the annual number of deaths from a particular cause in a particular country, and then divide by the population of that country.)arrow_forwardRefer to Example 13.1. How would the calculation change if a typical comet in the Oort cloud is only 1 km in diameter?arrow_forward
- What is the orbital period of a comet nucleus at the inner edge of the Oort Cloud? What is its orbital velocity? Assume a circular orbit. (Hint: Use Keplers third law, Eq. 4-1) (Note: The circumference of a circle is 2r.)arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a comets dust tail and a comets gas tail? What does that tell you about the composition and origin of comets?arrow_forwardIf the Oort cloud contains 1012 comets, and ten new comets are discovered coming close to the Sun each year, what percentage of the comets have been “used up” since the beginning of the solar system?arrow_forward
- At what average distances from the Sun would you expect to find Kirkwood gaps where the orbital period of asteroids are respectively one-third, and one-quarter, of the orbital period of Jupiter? Compare your results with Figure 24-9. (Hint: Use Keplers third law, Eq. 4-1.)arrow_forwardWhat is the orbital velocity of Miranda around Uranus? (Hint: Use the formula for circular velocity, Eq. 5-1a. The formula requires input quantities in kg and m.) (Note: Necessary data are given in Celestial Profile: Uranus and Appendix Table A-11.)arrow_forwardWhat evidence indicates that a comets nucleus is rich in ices?arrow_forward
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