Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 15, Problem 46Q
To determine
The reason for brightness of the hydrogen envelope of comets at an ultraviolet wavelength of 122 nm, using the following figure.
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If asteroid Toutatis were to pass somewhere within 24 x105 km of planet Syrene, what is the probability that it would strike the Syrene? Calculate the probability by considering an imanginary dartboard of radius 24 x105 km in which the bulls-eye has Syrene's radius, 6500.0 km. Assume the radius of Toutatis is much smaller than the radius of Syrene.
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Universe
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- At what average distances from the Sun would you expect to find Kirkwood gaps where the orbital period of asteroids are respectively one-third, and one-quarter, of the orbital period of Jupiter? Compare your results with Figure 24-9. (Hint: Use Keplers third law, Eq. 4-1.)arrow_forwardThe calculation in Example 13.1 refers to the known Oort cloud, the source for most of the comets we see. If, as some astronomers suspect, there are 10 times this many cometary objects in the solar system, how does the total mass of cometary matter compare with the mass of Jupiter?arrow_forwardThe mass of an average comet’s nucleus is about 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 21012 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in Earth masses? Compare that with Jupiter’s mass. (Note: Relevant data can be found in Appendix Table A-10.)arrow_forward
- What is the angular diameter of Jupiter as seen from the surface of Callisto? (Hint: Use the small-angle formula, Eq. 3-1) (Note: Necessary data are given in Celestial Profile: Jupiter and Appendix Table A-11.)arrow_forwardHow long would material take to go around if the solar nebula in Example 14.1 became the size of Earth’s orbit?arrow_forwardFor centuries, astronomers wondered whether comets were true celestial objects, like the planets and stars, or a phenomenon that occurred in the atmosphere of Earth. Describe an experiment to determine which of these two possibilities is correct.arrow_forward
- A comet has a period of 76.3 years and moves in an elliptical orbit in which its perihelion (Closest approach to the Sun) is 0.610 AU. Find (a) the semimajor axis of the comet and (b) an estimate of the comets maximum distance from the Sun, both in astronomical units.arrow_forwardDescribe the nucleus of a typical comet and compare it with an asteroid of similar size.arrow_forwardHow do the risks of dying from the impact of an asteroid or comet compare with other risks we are concerned about, such as dying in a car accident or from heart disease or some other natural cause? (Hint: To find the annual risk, go to the library or internet and look up the annual number of deaths from a particular cause in a particular country, and then divide by the population of that country.)arrow_forward
- Pure, solid water ice has an albedo A≈0.35. What is the minimum distance from the Sun at which a rapidly rotating ice cube would remain frozen? Between which two planets does this distance lie?arrow_forwardAt what average distances (in AU) from the Sun would you expect to find Kirkwood gaps where the orbital period of asteroids are respectively four-ninths, and three-sevenths, of the orbital period of Jupiter? (Hint: use Kepler's third law.) inner gap at_______ AU outer gap at_______ AUarrow_forwardYou observe a comet 0.46 AU from Earth with a tail that is 1.7 degrees long. How long is the tail in AU? How long is the tail in kilometers? How many times could the U.S. fit along the length of the tail? (The width of the U.S. is 4,313 km.)arrow_forward
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