Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15.4, Problem 1C
Summary Introduction
To predict: The function of the gene in C. elegans that resulted in the inability of worm to touch when it is exposed to an RNAi molecule homologous to a non-protein-coding RNA gene.
Concept introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are non-coding RNA sequences that regulate the gene function and expression. They are approximately 20-30
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DNA sequences called homeoboxes help homeotic genes in animals direct development. Given that they are common to flies and mice, explain why these animals are so different.
When in fruit fly development does axes development begin?
A. in the unfertilized egg stage when maternal effect genes deposit mRNA and proteins in specific locations
B. in the early embryo stage when induction signals between neighboring cells identify where the cells are in three-dimensional space
C. in the larval stage when body segments appear, and pattern formation is evident
D. in the pupal stage when a gradient of morphogens is established
Explain how Hox gene expression affects vertebrate development.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to...Ch. 15.1 - Describe how PCR is used to amplify a specific...Ch. 15.1 - Compare the possible differences between a...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.1 - Different forms of a protein are produced in the...Ch. 15.1 - What advantages does the PCR method have over gene...Ch. 15.2 - Describe the features of a typical CRISPR locus in...Ch. 15.2 - Explain the function of CRISPR in bacterial cells.Ch. 15.2 - Compare CRISPR-based endonucleases with...
Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 15.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 15.3 - Discuss how qPCR, DNA microarrays (DNA chips), and...Ch. 15.3 - Explain how you would compare the expression of a...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.4 - Describe how genome-wide association studies have...Ch. 15.4 - Explain how targeted gene silencing and knockout...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - Describe at least one important application of DNA...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - What are short tandem repeats (STRs), and why are...Ch. 15.5 - Why do gene targeting and mutagenesis screening in...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 16LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.7 - Describe at least two safety issue associated with...Ch. 15.7 - What are some of the environment concerns...Ch. 15 - A plasmid (a) can be used as a DNA vector (b) is a...Ch. 15 - DNA molecules with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 15 - Which technique rapidly replicated specific DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - A cDNA clone contains (a) introns (b) exons (c)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 15 - Gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acids on the...Ch. 15 - A CRISPR locus in a bacterium contains (a) short...Ch. 15 - DNA molecular with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - These highly polymorphic molecular markers are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 15 - EVOLUTION LINK DNA technology, such as the...Ch. 15 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY What are some...
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- Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?arrow_forwarda. Explain how you could use worms transformedwith myo-2::GFP to find mutations that disrupt thestructure of the pharynx. How would the presenceof the transgene facilitate the mutant screen?b. Nematodes homozygous for loss-of-function mutations in a gene called pha-4 have no detectablepharyngeal structures. How could you use myo2::GFP to determine if pha-4 is a master regulatory gene that directs development of the pharynxin a manner similar to the way Pax-6/eyeless controls eye development?arrow_forwardThe Brachyury and Tbx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3 gene in flowering plants a. are examples of Hox genes. b. are examples of co-opting a gene for a new function. c. are homologues for determining the body plan of eukaryotes. d. help regulate the formation of appendages.arrow_forward
- How are the mammalian Hox genes related to the homeotic genes of Drosophila? How do the Hox genes contribute to morphological diversity in vertebrates, give an example.arrow_forwardThe ‘default model’ for neural induction in Xenopus proposes that the development of dorsalectoderm as neural tissue is the default pathway.a. What is the evidence for this model?b. What is the proposed molecular basis?c. How has the default model been modified in the light of more recent work? (Include FGF signaling)arrow_forwardWhich statement about Hox genes is false? a. They are expressed in similar patterns in the embryos of both mice and flies. b. They include a conserved region of base pairs called the homeobox. c. They are arranged in similar clusters of genes in both mice and flies. d. They are part of the so-called genetic toolkit. e. Because of their important functional roles, they evolved rapidly in both mammals and flies.arrow_forward
- describe the arrangment of Hox genes on each chromosome in mammals in relation to their expression pattern. What effect would you expect if you expressed a Hox gene more anterior to its normal expression domain?arrow_forwarddescribe one way in which limb development in Acanthostega could differ from that in modern tetrapods (e.g., mouse, human) to generate this digit pattern. Your description must include the name of at least one specific gene and at least one basic cellular mechanism.arrow_forwardAbsence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads to theabsence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-imageduplication of posterior parts. This is evidence that the productof the bicoid gene(A) normally leads to formation of head structures.(B) normally leads to formation of tail structures.(C) is transcribed in the early embryo.(D) is a protein present in all head structures.arrow_forward
- Analysis of Hunchback mRNA expression tells us what about Hunchback gene expression? That the Hunchback gene is always on That the Hunchback gene is not expressed in the fruit fly That the Hunchback gene is turned on and off during development Nothingarrow_forwardHomeotic genes(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression ofgenes responsible for specific anatomical structures.(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.arrow_forwardWhat controls hox genes expression in vertebrates?arrow_forward
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