Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: DNA sequencing is used to determine the exact arrangement of the
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In next-generation sequencing, which of these advances allows for massively parallel sequencing?
a. Pieces of DNA are fixed to a surface, so we can tell which new nucleotides were added to each piece.
b. DNA sequences are read in real-time as nucleotides are added to each piece.
c. Each segment of the genome can be pieced back together through shotgun alignment
d. Single molecules of DNA can be read without the need for amplification.
During PCR amplification in preparation for DNA sequencing, why were there different colors at the 3’ ends of the fragments produced? (What did these four colors represent?)
A researcher sequences the genome of a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. She finds that the bacterial genome is smaller, but that there are more genes for a given number of base pairs in the eukaryotic cells. In other words, there are fewer genes per unit of length of DNA in the eukaryotic cells. What do you predict she will find if she examines the DNA more closely?
A. All of the bacterial DNA consists of coding sequences, but this is not true of the eukaryotic DNA.
B. There are more repetitive sequences in the eukaryotic DNA than in the bacterial DNA.
C. There are densely packed genes in the eukaryotic DNA that were not immediately distinguishable during the first analysis.
D. The bacteria have larger quantities of noncoding DNA than the eukaryotic cells.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Explain how gel electrophoresis is used to...Ch. 15.1 - Describe how PCR is used to amplify a specific...Ch. 15.1 - Compare the possible differences between a...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.1 - Different forms of a protein are produced in the...Ch. 15.1 - What advantages does the PCR method have over gene...Ch. 15.2 - Describe the features of a typical CRISPR locus in...Ch. 15.2 - Explain the function of CRISPR in bacterial cells.Ch. 15.2 - Compare CRISPR-based endonucleases with...
Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 15.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 15.3 - Discuss how qPCR, DNA microarrays (DNA chips), and...Ch. 15.3 - Explain how you would compare the expression of a...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.4 - Describe how genome-wide association studies have...Ch. 15.4 - Explain how targeted gene silencing and knockout...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - Describe at least one important application of DNA...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.5 - What are short tandem repeats (STRs), and why are...Ch. 15.5 - Why do gene targeting and mutagenesis screening in...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 16LOCh. 15.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 15.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 15.7 - Describe at least two safety issue associated with...Ch. 15.7 - What are some of the environment concerns...Ch. 15 - A plasmid (a) can be used as a DNA vector (b) is a...Ch. 15 - DNA molecules with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 15 - Which technique rapidly replicated specific DNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - A cDNA clone contains (a) introns (b) exons (c)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 15 - Gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acids on the...Ch. 15 - A CRISPR locus in a bacterium contains (a) short...Ch. 15 - DNA molecular with complementary sticky ends...Ch. 15 - These highly polymorphic molecular markers are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 15 - EVOLUTION LINK DNA technology, such as the...Ch. 15 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY What are some...
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- Please answer the following question and explain Q1. If MacLeod and McCarty had accidentally contaminated their RNase enzyme with DNase, how would this have changed the conclusion that they made from their experiments? Pick the correct letter option A. They would have concluded that DNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. B. They would have concluded that DNA and protein are both required for genetic transformation. C. They would have concluded that RNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. D. They would have concluded that RNA and DNA are both required for genetic transformation. E. They would have concluded that proteins are the only molecules required for genetic transformationarrow_forwardDuring your experiment you analysed only a few of the recombinant clones for the presence of the highly repeated Aluelements. If you wanted to screen for a single-copy gene, you would need to screen a much larger genomic library. Assuming, that you already know the amino acid sequence of unicorn (a species with a similar physiology to humans) insulin, how would you construct a probe which would enable you to use nucleic acid hybridisation to screen a unicorn genomic DNA library for the insulin gene? Hint: you have access to any molecular biology reagents and equipment you might need, such as vectors, enzymes, and DNA sequencers.arrow_forwardIn pcr experiment, Does electrophoresis show that only DNA products of the desired size are present? If not, what do you think is the reason?arrow_forward
- What is expected theoretical number of copies of DNA molecules after 28 cycles in a PCR experiment? What is the percent efficiency of the PCR experiment if the actual number of copies was 500,000,000? Show your calculationsarrow_forwardWhat advantages do cDNA libraries provide over genomic DNA libraries? Describe cloning applications where the use of a genomic library is necessary to provide information that a cDNA library cannot.arrow_forwardDid Hershey and Chase overcome objections to Avery et al.’s claim that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material? How was the choice of a bacteriophage by Hershey and Chase a way to avoid problems with earlier bacterial transformation experiments?arrow_forward
- Suppose you have been directed to find new enzymes to use in the breakdown of wood in order to process biofuel (switchgrass, for example). Suppose you wanted to use fungal or bacterial DNA from the environment in order to do so. DNA can be unwound from the double stranded double helix into single strands, amplified, separated on gels by size, stained with dyes. It can be mutated by a variety of means. It can be sequenced. Describe one or more of the ways that you might manipulate DNA towards the stated goal. Relate the technology you plan to utilize to the structure of DNA. (You can break this into multiple posts, as multiple procedures might be used).arrow_forwardWhy do we need to add “COLD” alcohol? What is the effect of the temperature of the alcohol in the process of extracting the DNA.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of GelRed® in Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments? GelRed® moves down the agarose gel in response to the electric current and enables visualisation of the position of the nucleic acids within in the agarose gel. GelRed® intercalates with the Nucleic acid and, under UV light, fluoresces to enable visualisation of the position of the nucleic acids in the agarose gel. GelRed® intercalates with the Nucleic acid and enables visualisation of the position of the nucleic acids in the agarose gel. GelRed® intercalates with the amino acids in the agarose gel and enables visualisation of the position of their in the agarose gel.arrow_forward
- What is the role of alcohol in extracting DNA? DNA is a polar molecule with an overall negative charge, and as such is not soluble in alcohol, and therefore precipitates. DNA is a polar molecule with an overall positive charge, and as such is not soluble in alcohol, and therefore precipitates. DNA is a non polar molecule with an overall negative change, and as such is soluble in alcohol, and therefore precipitates. DNA is a polar molecule with an overall positive change, and as such is soluble in alcohol, and therefore precipitates.arrow_forwardIn experiments using polymerase chain reactions (PCR), it is often more difficult to amplifythrough regions of DNA that are high in GC content versus those regions that are either lower inGC content or are AT-rich. Based on your knowledge of DNA structure, explain why.arrow_forwardWhich of the DNA polymerases shown in Table have the ability to proofread?arrow_forward
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