Chapter 16, Problem 16.31QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is a strong or weak acid

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: $\text{HF}$ is a strong or weak acid

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is a strong or weak acid

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{-}}$ is a strong or weak acid

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}$ is a strong or weak acid

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{HCO}}^{\text{-}}{}_{\text{3}}$ is a strong or weak acid

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: $\text{HCl}$ is a strong or weak acid

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: $\text{HCN}$ is a strong or weak acid

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given species has to be classified as weak or strong acid

Concept Information:

Strong acids and weak acids:

In strong acids, the ionization of acid is complete.  This implies that the concentration of the hydrogen ion or hydronium ion will be equal to the initial concentration of the acid at equilibrium.

The ionization in weak acid is limited to some extent.  Weak acids does not undergo complete ionization.

The strong and weak acid can be classified based on the following:

• strong acids have low $\text{pH}$ value whereas weak acids have high $\text{pH}$ value
• When the $K_a$ is large, it indicates strong acid
• When the $K_a$ is small, it indicates weak acid
• If bond strength decreases, acid strength increases

To Classify: ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{2}}$ is a strong or weak acid