Chapter 16, Problem 16.57CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for the difference in the miscibility of benzene and pyridine in water (benzene is immiscible in water and pyridine is miscible in water) should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia $\left(N{H}_3\right)$ with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

The $\text{N-H}$ bond is more polar than the $\text{C-H}$ bond but less polar than $\text{O-H}$ bond.

Hydrogen bonding in amine is weaker than that of alcohols or carboxylic acids. But all amines can form hydrogen bonds with water. Water solubility decreases as the length of the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule increases.

Hydrogen bond is an attractive force established between hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative element and another highly electronegative element of the same or different molecule.

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding:

When hydrogen bonding takes place between various molecules of the same or different compounds, it is called intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Molecules which have this type of hydrogen bonding possess high solubility.

Intramolecular hydrogen bonding:

When hydrogen bonding occurs within the same molecule is termed as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.