Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135564172
Author: Mark Sanders, John Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 16, Problem 22P
A substantial fraction of almost every genome sequenced consists of genes that have no known function and that do not have sequence similarity to any genes with known function.
Describe two approaches to ascertaining the biological role of these genes in S. cerevisiae.
How would your approach change if the genes of unknown function were in the human genome?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 16 - You have discovered a new species of Archaea from...Ch. 16 - 16.2 Repetitive DNA poses problems for genome...Ch. 16 - 16.3 When the whole-genome shotgun sequence of the...Ch. 16 - How do cDNA sequences facilitate gene annotation?...Ch. 16 - 16.5 How do comparisons between genomes of related...Ch. 16 - 16.6 You are designing algorithms for the...Ch. 16 - 16.7 You have sequenced a region of the Bacillus...Ch. 16 - You have just obtained 100-kb of genomic sequence...Ch. 16 - 16.9 The human genome contains a large number of...Ch. 16 - Based on the tree of life in Figure 16.12, would...
Ch. 16 - 16.11 When comparing genes from two sequenced...Ch. 16 - 16.12 What is a reference genome? How can it be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13PCh. 16 - Prob. 14PCh. 16 - 16.16 Consider the phylogenetic tree below with...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a gene that is important for the...Ch. 16 - 16.18 When the human genome is examined, the...Ch. 16 - Symbiodinium minutum is a dinoflagellate with a...Ch. 16 - Substantial fractions of the genomes of many...Ch. 16 - 16.21 A modification of the system, called the ...Ch. 16 - 16.22 A substantial fraction of almost every...Ch. 16 - 16.23 In the globin gene family shown in Figure ,...Ch. 16 - You are studying similarities and differences in...Ch. 16 - In conducting the study described in Problem 24,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 26PCh. 16 - Prob. 27PCh. 16 - Prob. 28PCh. 16 - Prob. 29P
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- A group of scientists sequenced the genomes of 12 species of Drosophila (Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium. 2007. Nature 450:203–218). Data on genome sizes and numbers of protein-encoding genes from this study are given in the accompanying table. Plot the number of protein-encoding genes as a function of genome size for the 12 species of Drosophila. Is there a relation between genome size and number of genes in fruit flies? How does this compare with the relation between genome size and number of genes across all eukaryotes?arrow_forwardMost organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn. a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm? b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?arrow_forwardDifferent mutations in the WDR62 gene that inactivate gene function were found in the genomes of many different people with microcephaly. This information provided strong support for the idea that the WDR62 gene mutation causes microcephaly. The human genome sequence identified WDR62 as one of the approximately 27,000 genes in the human genome. What information about the function of WDR62 do you think was learned originally from the DNA sequence of the normal human genome? What additional information was provided by identification of WDR62 as the microcephaly disease gene?arrow_forward
- Illustrate about the Map and sequence the genomes of several model organisms used in experimental genetics, including Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus (mouse).arrow_forwardWhat are some reasons why, in multicellular eukaryotes, genome size is not necessarily related to number of protein-coding genes or organismal complexity?arrow_forwardWhat percentage of the DNA sites in yeast are accessible, assuming that the fraction of sites observed for GAL4 is typical? To how many base pairs of the 12-Mb yeast genome does this percentage correspond?arrow_forward
- What are paralogous and orthologous genes? What are some of the explanations for the finding that humans are a much more complex organism than the roundworm C. elegans, yet have only about 5 percent more protein- coding genes (21,000 versus 20,000)?arrow_forwardThe figure below shows RNA-Seq data (RED) for the D. melanogaster transformer (tra) gene obtained from both adult female and male fruit flies. The blue lines indicate the tra gene structure, with thicker lines indicating exons, and thin lines introns. The 5' end of the gene is on the left, and the 3' end of the gene is on the right. Based on these data, the most likely conclusion is: Males and females express identical isoforms of tra Males express more tra RNA than females The female isoform has fewer amino acids The female isoform has more amino acids The male and female isoforms have different 3'UTRsarrow_forwardThe genome of Daphnia pulex, a small freshwater crustacean, includesapproximately 30,000 genes in ∼200,000 kb of DNA. How does the genome compare to that of Drosophila melanogaster, another arthropod, and to that of humans?arrow_forward
- The Japanese canopy plant (Paris japonica) has one of the largest of all eukaryotic genomes, with approximately 150 billion base pairs, about 50 times the size of the human genome. In contrast, the bladderwort Utricularia gibba has one of the smallest plant genomes, with only 82 million base pairs. What predictions can you make about the genomes of these two species?arrow_forwardLINEs and SINEs are repetitive sequences in humans that as retrotransposons, can also insert into genes and cause disease. Select one: True FalseWhat is the most reasonable explanation for the observation that transposons in many multicellular genomes are more often found in nongenic sequences (i.e.,sequences that do not code for genes) such as centromeric heterochromatin rather than in genic sequences (i.e,. gene sequences)? Select one: a. The transposons are “safe” from harm from the host when in nongenic regions. b. Reverse transcriptase promotes integration into nongenic DNA preferentially. c. Insertion into nongenic DNA is less likely to do harm to the host and thus would not be selected against. d. Genic DNA is protected from transposon insertion by all the transcription factors bound to the region. e. The AT-rich nature of centromere and other nongenic sequences makes it easier for transposon insertion.arrow_forwardDescribe how you would use replica plating of mutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identify temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essential genes needed for yeast growth and survival.arrow_forward
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Genome Annotation, Sequence Conventions and Reading Frames; Author: Loren Launen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWvYgGyqVys;License: Standard Youtube License