Textbook Problem

On the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous.

(a) ${\text{CO}}_2\left(s\right)\to {\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)$ at 25°C

(b) $\text{NaCl}\left(s\right)\to \text{NaCl}\left(l\right)$ at 25°C

(c) $2\text{NaCl}\left(s\right)\to 2\text{Na}\left(s\right)+{\text{Cl}}_2\left(g\right)$(d) ${\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{C}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$