Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135191873
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16.1, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling molecules released by an embryonic cell can induce changes in a neighboring cell without entering the cell. (See Figure 5.20)
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The development of a multicellular organ (such as the brain) from stem cells involves complicated processing.1,2 Proliferating stem cells undergo the fate decision process before developing into tissues or organs. This process is controlled and regulated by a signaling pathway network (called gene regulatory network).3 The network comprises pathways created by the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the cells, which form the signal transduction to control stem cell fate. There are various signal pathways that have been discovered and studied for tissue development and patterning, including Wnt signaling,4 Notch, and receptor tyrosine kinase.5–7 It has been suggested that cross-regulatory interactions between elements of the pathways (e.g., Wnt and Notch) affect the process of cell fate assignment.8,9 Most components of Wnt signaling have multiple interactions with other signaling pathways (e.g., Hippo/YAP and…
a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of kinase-
linked receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the
specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the
different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor,
ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands
and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway.
Superfamily
Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs
Accession
Give the Uniprot accession number
Name
Give the molecule name
Species
Give the species
Ligand
What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor?
What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine,
paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the
pathology of the receptor?
Key
physiological
process
involved
Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which…
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 16.1 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.2 - Deitys egg donor and surrogate mother were...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...
Ch. 16 - Cell differentiation always involves A. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 16 - Absence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 16 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZA-ION The property of life emerges...Ch. 16 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR K\IOWLEDGE Recently, new...
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- Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of nuclear receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways thgt are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key physiological What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does…arrow_forwardCan I get help constructing a concept map?arrow_forwardCite evidence supporting a long evolutionary history for cell signaling molecules.arrow_forward
- Q6arrow_forward. MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules thatactivate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction pathwaydiffer from the ligands in most other signaling pathways(see Concept 11.2)?arrow_forward:= How could changes in signaling molecules affect the toolkit and therefore development? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b Q 13 -6 Toolkit regulation Homework Answered Due May 4th, 9:30 AM с A small modification to a signaling molecule could prevent it from binding to a receptor. All of these are possible outcomes. The signals could bind different promoters. d If the signal recognizes a different enhancer, more or less of some genes will be expressed.arrow_forward
- Place the steps below in the correct order as they would occur within a signal transduction pathway. Drag and drop options into correct order and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ♥ An inactive signal transduction molecule is activated. A transcription factor enters the nucleus. An active signal transduction molecule binds a transcription factor. A gene is expressed. A receptor undergoes a conformational change. A ligand binds to a receptor. [3 Fuls Your answer II II II II IIarrow_forwardGive typed explanationarrow_forwardBIOC 384 Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways Q7.2: A first messenger molecule activates a receptor that stimulates Enzyme A, which synthesizes 100 second messenger molecules. In turn, each second messenger activates only one molecule of Enzyme B, which once activated, phosphorylates 100 molecules of Enzyme C that each phosphorylate 75 molecules of Enzyme D. In the last step, each Enzyme D phosphorylates 50 transcription factors. How many transcription factors are phosphorylated in response to the first messenger binding to the receptor? How many transcription factors would be phosphorylated if one copy of the Enzyme D gene were inactivated (heterozygous genotype) so that there were only half the number of functional Enzyme D molecules in the cell? Explain.arrow_forward
- Review how the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and SRP receptor guide proteins containing an ER signal sequence to the ER membrane.arrow_forwardQ20. Dr. Rose Lees is a world expert on breast cancer. Choose True or False. Of all the receptors involved, the HER2+ has a worse [ Choose ] prognosis. [ Choose ] BRCA1 helps repair damaged DNA, or destroy cells if DNA cannot be repaired. True False The nuclear hormone receptors contain a DNA binding domain towards the C-terminus. [Choose] The nuclear hormone receptors contain a ligand binding domain toward the C-terminus. [ Choose] The main function of the estrogen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor. [ Choose ] The last a-helix, helix 12, folds into a groove on the side of the structure upon ligand binding. [Choose ] Upon binding of tamoxifen to the estrogen receptor, helix 12 exposes the coactivator-binding site. [ Choose ] >arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forward
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