Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 1TC
If it were true that mutations do occur in response to the presence of antibiotics. how would the result of this experiment have differed from the actual result?
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What is transformation? Describe Grifith’s experiment to show transformation? What did he prove from his experiment?
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All of the following apply to Luria and Delbrűck’s mutation theory as tested using E. Coli and T1 phage EXCEPT:
A. It was performed using liquid bacterial cultures
B. It involved looking for T1-resistant bacteria as an end measure
C. It was supported by the finding that the number of final cultures that were T1 phage-resistant were constant from experiment to experiment
D. It rejected the possibility of mutations occurring only in response to a T1 phage challenge
E. It supported the concept of spontaneous mutation rates
Chapter 16 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 16.1 - define evolution in terms of concepts from...Ch. 16.1 - define equilibrium population and describe the...Ch. 16.2 - If it were true that mutations do occur in...Ch. 16.2 - Explain how the distribution of genotypes in...Ch. 16.2 - A flu vaccination stimulates your immune system to...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3TCCh. 16.2 - If a population grows large again after a...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5TCCh. 16.2 - Evolution of a Menace The mutant alleles that...Ch. 16.2 - describe how mutation, gene flow, genetic drift,...
Ch. 16.3 - A team of phys clans treated four patients with...Ch. 16.3 - If we studied a population of bighorn sheep and...Ch. 16.3 - When selection is directional, is there any limit...Ch. 16.3 - describe why selection of phenotypes can affect...Ch. 16.3 - explain how competition and predation influence...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 16.3 - compare and contrast directional selection,...Ch. 16.3 - Microbiologists have discovered that alleles...Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is a. any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements about mutations...Ch. 16 - Genetic drift occurs a. when different phenotypes...Ch. 16 - The ______ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organisms ______ refers to the specific alleles...Ch. 16 - A random form of evolution is called ________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most Intense between members of...Ch. 16 - The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - What is a gene pool? How would you determine the...Ch. 16 - Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - People like to say that you cant prove a negative....Ch. 16 - Describe the three ways in which natural selection...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
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- All questions a) What is the hypothesis of Griffith’s experiment? b) Why did mouse No. 3 survived? c) Why did mouse No. 4 died? d) If Griffith had injected a fifth mouse with a combination of heat-killed R strain bacteria and heat-killed S strain bacteria, would the mouse have died? Give your reason.arrow_forwardHershey and Chase used radioactive components to tag protein and DNA before infecting bacteriophage. What was the most important concept demonstrated by Hershey-Chase experiments? Explain the experiment in detail.arrow_forwardIn Kornberg’s initial experiments, it was rumored that he grew E. coli in Anheuser-Busch beer vats. (Kornberg was working at Washington University in St. Louis.) Why do you think this might have been helpful to the experiment?arrow_forward
- As shown , several medical agents are now commercially produced by genetically engineered microorganisms. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of making these agents this way.arrow_forwardOne experiment that showed the DNA carried genetic information was the "Transformation" experiment by Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod where they injected mice with non-pathogenetic bacteria that had been incubated in the remains of pathogenic bacteria. What did they find when they incubated non-pathogenic bacteria in just the protein from the pathogenic bacteria? In this case there was no transformation They found that the non-pathogenic bacteria were transformed into pathogenic bacteria In this case the mice were sickened but did not die They found that some of the protein could cause transformation but other proteins could notarrow_forwardIn Hershey-Chase experiment, bacteriophages protein coats were tagged with radioactive isotope S-32. These phages were used to infect E. coli cells and the cells were further centrifuged to form pellets. Why was the radioactivity level of S-32 found greater outside the cells compared to the E. coli cell pellets? Explain briefly. If the experiment is repeated in the same manner but this time the phage protein coats are labelled with isotope X and the phage DNA with isotope Y, which isotope’s radioactivity will be found in greater amounts in the E. coli cell pellets after centrifugation? Explain briefly.arrow_forward
- You perform an Ames test to determine which compound X causes mutations or not. You grow an auxotrophic strain of bacteria on three plates; one with no compound X, one with just compound X and one with compound X mixed with liver enzymes. You find many more colonies on the plates with compound X and with compound X plus liver enzymes compared to the control plate. Which of the following describes the best interpretation of the results? Compound X causes mutations on it's own but is safe after exposure to liver enzymes. Compound X is not mutagenic. Compound X is mutagenic regardless of whether it has been processed by liver enzymes. Compound X is mutagenic only after being treated with liver enzymes.arrow_forwardConsider the following experiment. First, large populations of two mutant strains of Escherichia coli are mixed, each requiring a different, single amino acid. After plating them onto a minimal medium, 45 colonies grew. Which of the following may explain this result? A) The colonies may be due to back mutation (reversion). B) The colonies may be due to recombination. C) Either A or B is possible. D) Neither A nor B is possible.arrow_forwardIn Experiment I, you established that beneficial mutations are rare. In Experiment II, you showed that the environment does not affect the probability of a beneficial mutation occurring. Knowing this, why then are mutations responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria so common?arrow_forward
- a bacteriophage has been isolated from the growth chambers that has evolved the capability to the methylate its own DNA when it is replicated inside the host bacterium. why is this a problem?arrow_forwardIn the Hershey–Chase experiment, the radioactive label 32P was present inside bacterial cells (i.e., in the pellet), whereas the radioactive label 35S waspresent outside bacterial cells (in the supernatant). What would the researchers have concluded had the reverse been true, that is, if the radioactive label 35S were inside the cells and the radioactive label 32P were outside the cells?arrow_forwardUsually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutatedarrow_forward
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