Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16.L1, Problem 10MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
In general, when a foreign molecule (antigen or allergen) enters into the human body, the immune system recognized it and produces antibodies as a defense mechanism to eliminate or destroy this foreign substance.
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Choose the most accurate characteristic of B cells.
A) They help establish and control the sensitivity of the immune response.
B) They stimulate the activities of T cells.
C) They attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues.
D) They continually monitor peripheral tissues.
E) They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Activated helper T Cells participate in which of the following processes?
a.) Differentiation of memory B cells
b.) Activation of cytotoxic T Cells
c.) Facilitation of macrophage phagocytosis
d.) All of above
There are different pathways through which B cells can be activated, one of which is CD4 T - independent cells, in which the antigen is large and has repeating patterns that make crosslinking and activation of several BCRs at the same time.
A.true
B.false
Chapter 16 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 16.1 - Summarize the main categories of immunopathology...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 16.1 - Explain what is meant by immunopathology and give...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 16.1 - What is involved in the four categories of B-cell...Ch. 16.1 - What does it mean for a reaction to be immediate...Ch. 16.2 - Describe general characteristics of allergic...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 6ELO
Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 16.2 - Describe several factors that influence types and...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 16.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 16.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 16.2 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 16.2 - Outline the target organs and symptoms of the...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 16.3 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 16.3 - Define what is meant by blood groups, explain how...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 16.3 - Explain why the tissues of some people are...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 16.3 - Where do we derive our natural hypersensitivities...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 16.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 16.3 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 16.4 - Describe the background features of immune complex...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 15ELOCh. 16.4 - Contrast type II and type III hypersensitivities...Ch. 16.4 - Explain what occurs in immune complex diseases and...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 16.5 - Discuss the involvement of T cells in organ...Ch. 16.5 - Describe the categories of grafts and how...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 16.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 16.5 - What does it mean to say that tissues from two...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 16.6 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 16.6 - Explain the origins of autoimmunity and describe...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 16.6 - Explain the pathologic process in autoimmunity.Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 16.6 - Describe four major types of autoimmunity,...Ch. 16.7 - Outline the categories of immunodeficiency...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 25ELOCh. 16.7 - Relate examples of secondary immunodeficiencies.Ch. 16.7 - Describe the characteristics of cancer, and...Ch. 16.7 - Explain how immune function relates to the...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 29CYPCh. 16.7 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 16.7 - Prob. 31CYPCh. 16.7 - Define cancer, and differentiate between a benign...Ch. 16.7 - Describe the relationship between cancer and the...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16.L1 - Which hypersensitivities are T-cell mediated? a....Ch. 16.L1 - The contact with allergen that results in symptoms...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 16.L1 - A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 16.L1 - How is the immune system involved in development...Ch. 16.L1 - Pollen is which type of allergen? a. anti-a alone...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 16.L1 - Compare and contrast atopic allerg and type IV...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 16.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 16.L1 - Why is a hemolytic transfusion reaction considered...Ch. 16.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 16.L1 - Explain how people with autoimmunity could develop...Ch. 16.L2 - Suggest some possible physiological benefits of...Ch. 16.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 16.L2 - Why would a person be allergic to strawberries...Ch. 16.L2 - a. Where in the course of type I allergies do...Ch. 16.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 16.L2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 16.L2 - How can a person prevent becoming allergic to...Ch. 16.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 16.L2 - a. Explain why babies with agammaglobulinemia do...Ch. 16.L2 - In what ways can cancer be both a cause and a...Ch. 16.L2 - Looking at figure 15.8, reproduced here, explain...Ch. 16.L2 - Prob. 2VC
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- Natural killer cellsa. are known for attacking large parasites, such as tapeworms.b. engulf pathogens and present antigens to T cells.c. recognize the absence of MHC-I molecules on a cell surface.d. produce antibodies.arrow_forwardB lymphocytes, the precursors of plasma cells, are triggered to proliferate by the binding of multivalent antigens to receptors on their surfaces. The cell-surface receptors are transmembrane immunoglobulins. Univalent antigens, in contrast, do not activate B cells. (a) What do these findings reveal about the mechanism of B-cell activation? (b) How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?arrow_forwardof the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies? a. mast cells b. marcophages c. Nk cells d. TH cellsarrow_forward
- The detrimental effects of Lupus erythematosis are initiated by A. activated T cells attacking myelin B. immune complexes lodging in capillaries C. lack of activated CD4+ cellsarrow_forwardIn the secondary response, the IgG levels rise much faster than they did during the first antibody response. Why is this?Choose one: A. The plasma cells that were produced for the first response have a very long half-life, so they are able to produce antibodies for the second response without activation of other B cells. B. Memory B cells are capable of producing antibodies directly, so there is no need to spend time differentiating them into plasma cells. C. By the secondary response, there are B cells and T cells that have differentiated into plasma cells, giving more total plasma cells to work with. D. Memory B cells are present for the secondary response. Those cells are much easier to activate than the naive B cells; therefore, the response occurs much more quickly and on a larger scale.arrow_forwardAn allergy can best be defined as ______. A) a component of the humoral response B) an exaggerated response to an allergen C) part of the normal immune response D) a type of cell-mediated adaptive immunityarrow_forward
- There is a second, delayed spike of IgM in the secondary response. Why might this be occurring?Choose one: A. When there is a lot of IgG antibody floating around in the bloodstream, some of the monomers link up into IgM pentamers. B. Some IgM is being made by the plasma cells producing the IgG antibodies. C. New naive B cells have been able to activate and produce a new primary response. D. Some of the plasma cells are switching back to IgM production after producing other isotypes for a while.arrow_forwardWhich statement describes a limitation of T-cell receptors (TCRs) compared to B-cell receptors (BCRs)? A.) only BCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or epitopes B.) displayed directly on the pathogen C.) only BCRs can initiate a pathogen-specific immune response D.) only BCRs recognize pathogen epitopesarrow_forwardImmunoglobins help eliminate the pathogen through the process of: A. Release of hydrolytic enzymes on the pathogen B. Agglutination and precipitation C. Direct phagocytosis D. Activating plateletsarrow_forward
- Which of these statements about the Fab portion of antibodies is true? a.It binds to antigens. b.Its amino acid sequences are variable. c. It consists of both H and L chains. d. All of these are true.arrow_forwardAn allergic reaction is an example of: a) the immune system not working at all. b) a deficiency of B cell responses. c) the immune system doing its job too well. d) an overabundance of T cell responses.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is false about HLA class I molecules? A. They are encoded by multiple and highly polymorphic genes. B. They consist of alpha and beta chains. C. They possess beta-2 microglobulin. D. They present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T cells. E. none of the abovearrow_forward
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