Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511177
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are

For Nickel, the sulfide ore is roasted in air:

  Ni3S2(s)+ O2(g)NiO(s)+ SO2(g)

The metal oxide is reduced by the H2 in water gas (CO+H2) to impure Ni:

  NiO(s)+ H2(g)Ni(s)+ H2O(g)

The CO in water gas then reacts with the metal in the Mond process to form gaseous nickel carbonyl which is subsequently decomposed to the metal.

  Ni(s)+ CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g)

The given three steps have to be balanced and overall balanced equation for the conversion of Ni3S2 to Ni(CO)4 has to be obtained.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The given reactions can be balanced as

  Ni3S2(s)+ O2(g)NiO(s)+ SO2(g)

Balancing the Nickel in the equation:

Three atoms of nickel are present in reactant side and only one atom of nickel is present in product side.  To balance the nickel on both sides, co-efficient ''2'' is added to Ni3S2 on reactant side and co-efficient ''6'' is added to NiO on product side.  The balanced equation for nickel atom is obtained as

  2Ni3S2(s)+ O2(g)6NiO(s)+ SO2(g)

Balancing the Sulfur in the equation:

Four atoms of sulfur are present in reactant side and only one atom of sulfur is present in product side.  To balance the sulfur on both sides, co-efficient ''4'' is added to SO2 on product side.  The balanced equation for sulfur atom is obtained as

  2Ni3S2(s)+ O2(g)6NiO(s)+ 4SO2(g)

Balancing the Oxygen in the equation:

Two atoms of oxygen are present in reactant side and fourteen atoms of oxygen are present in product side.  To balance the oxygen on both sides, co-efficient ''7'' is added to O2 on reactant side.  The balanced equation for oxygen atom is obtained as

  2Ni3S2(s)+ 7O2(g)6NiO(s)+ 4SO2(g)        (1)

The second reaction is a balanced equation.

  NiO(s)+ H2(g)Ni(s)+ H2O(g)        (2)

The third reaction can be balanced as

  Ni(s)+ CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g)

In the above equation, nickel is balanced and CO group has to be balanced.

Balancing the CO group:

Only one CO group is present in reactant side whereas four CO groups are present in product side.  To balance, co-efficient ''4'' is added to the CO group on reactant side.  The balanced equation is

  Ni(s)+ 4CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g)        (3)

Overall balanced equation for the conversion of Ni3S2 to Ni(CO)4:

Equation 1:

  2Ni3S2(s)+ 7O2(g)6NiO(s)+ 4SO2(g)

Equation 2:

  NiO(s)+ H2(g)Ni(s)+ H2O(g)

In order to get the overall equation of conversion of Ni3S2 to Ni(CO)4, the above equation has to be multiplied by ''6''.  The equation will be

  6NiO(s)+ 6H2(g)6Ni(s)+ 6H2O(g)

Equation 3:

  Ni(s)+ 4CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g)

In order to get the overall equation of conversion of Ni3S2 to Ni(CO)4, the above equation has to be multiplied by ''6''.  The equation will be

  6Ni(s)+ 24CO(g)6Ni(CO)4(g)

Overall reaction:

  2Ni3S2(s)+ 7O2(g) 6NiO(s)+ 4SO2(g)6NiO(s)+ 6H2(g)  6Ni(s)+ 6H2O(g)6Ni(s)+ 24CO(g)  6Ni(CO)4(g)_2Ni3S2(s)+ 7O2(g)+ 6H2(g)+ 24CO(g)  4SO2(g)+ 6H2O(g)+ 6Ni(CO)4(g)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The overall Qc is the product of the Qc’s for the individual reactions has to be proved.

Concept Introduction:

Reaction quotient:

The ratio of concentration terms for a reaction is known as reaction quotient.  It is denoted by Q.  For a reversible reaction of N2O4 to NO2, the reaction quotient is represented as

  N2O4(g)2NO2(g)Qc = (NO2)2(N2O4)

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The obtained overall reaction is

  2Ni3S2(s)+ 7O2(g)+ 6H2(g)+ 24CO(g)  4SO2(g)+ 6H2O(g)+ 6Ni(CO)4(g)

In reaction quotient, solids are not included in the expression.

Reaction quotient expression can be written by taking the products in nominator and reactants in denominator.

Qc of overall reaction:

  Qc = [SO2]4[H2O]6[Ni(CO)4]6[O2]7[H2]6[CO]24

Qc of individual reactions:

  Q1×Q2×Q3 =[SO2]4[O2]7×[H2O]6[H2]6×[Ni(CO)4]6[CO]24 =[SO2]4[H2O]6[Ni(CO)4]6[O2]7[H2]6[CO]24

Hence, the overall Qc is the product of the Qc’s for the individual reactions.

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Chapter 17 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book

Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.10AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.10BFPCh. 17.5 - An inorganic chemist studying the reactions of...Ch. 17.5 - A chemist studying the production of nitrogen...Ch. 17.6 - In a study of glass etching, a chemist examines...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.12BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.13AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.13BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.14AFPCh. 17.6 - Should T be increased or decreased to yield more...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.15AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.15BFPCh. 17.6 - Many metabolites are products in branched...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - When a chemical company employs a new reaction to...Ch. 17 - If there is no change in concentrations, why is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.5PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.6PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.7PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NO from its...Ch. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NH3 from H2...Ch. 17 - Balance each reaction and write its reaction...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.13PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.14PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.15PCh. 17 - At a particular temperature, Kc = 1.6×10−2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.17PCh. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.22PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.23PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.24PCh. 17 - When are Kc and Kp equal, and when are they not? Ch. 17 - A certain reaction at equilibrium has more moles...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.27PCh. 17 - Determine Δngas for each of the following...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.29PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.30PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.31PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.32PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.33PCh. 17 - The following molecular scenes depict the aqueous...Ch. 17 - At 425°C, Kp = 4.18 × 10−9 for the...Ch. 17 - At 100°C, Kp = 60.6 for the reaction 2NOBr(g) ⇌...Ch. 17 - The water-gas shift reaction plays a central role...Ch. 17 - In the 1980s, CFC-11 was one of the most heavily...Ch. 17 - For a problem involving the catalyzed reaction of...Ch. 17 - What is the basis of the approximation that avoids...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.41PCh. 17 - Gaseous ammonia was introduced into a sealed...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.43PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.44PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.45PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.46PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.47PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.48PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.49PCh. 17 - Nitrogen dioxide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Compound A decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - In an analysis of interhalogen reactivity, 0.500...Ch. 17 - A toxicologist studying mustard gas, S(CH2CH2Cl)2,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.55PCh. 17 - A key step in the extraction of iron from its ore...Ch. 17 - What does “disturbance” mean in Le Châtelier’s...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.58PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.59PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.60PCh. 17 - Le Châtelier’s principle is related ultimately to...Ch. 17 - An equilibrium mixture of two solids and a gas, in...Ch. 17 - Consider this equilibrium system: CO(g) + Fe3O4(s)...Ch. 17 - Sodium bicarbonate undergoes thermal decomposition...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.65PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.66PCh. 17 - Predict the effect of decreasing the container...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.68PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.69PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.70PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.71PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.72PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.73PCh. 17 - The formation of methanol is important to the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.75PCh. 17 - The oxidation of SO2 is the key step in H2SO4...Ch. 17 - A mixture of 3.00 volumes of H2 and 1.00 volume of...Ch. 17 - You are a member of a research team of chemists...Ch. 17 - For the following equilibrium system, which of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.80PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.81PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.82PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.83PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.84PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.85PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.86PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.87PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.88PCh. 17 - When 0.100 mol of CaCO3(s) and 0.100 mol of CaO(s)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.90PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.91PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.92PCh. 17 - Highly toxic disulfur decafluoride decomposes by a...Ch. 17 - A study of the water-gas shift reaction (see...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.95PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.96PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.97PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.98PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.99PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.100PCh. 17 - The molecular scenes below depict the reaction Y ⇌...Ch. 17 - For the equilibrium H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g) Kc =...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.103PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.104PCh. 17 - The kinetics and equilibrium of the decomposition...Ch. 17 - Isopentyl alcohol reacts with pure acetic acid to...Ch. 17 - Isomers Q (blue) and R (yellow) interconvert. They...Ch. 17 - Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4·10H2O, was used by J. R....Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.109PCh. 17 - Synthetic diamonds are made under conditions of...
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