Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511177
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.99P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Overall reaction for the formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from methane, steam and oxygen has to be given.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17.99P

Overall reaction is 2CH4(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO(g) + 6H2(g).

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below:

  2CH4(g) + O2(g)  2CO(g) + 4H2(g) (1)CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g) + H2(g) (2)

To get the overall reaction for the formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from methane, steam and oxygen, reaction (1) and (2) has to be added. Reaction (2) is multiplied with 2 for cancelling CO(g) from both reactions.

Therefore,

Overall reaction for the formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from methane, steam and oxygen follows as,

  2CH4(g) + O2(g)  2CO(g) + 4H2(g) 2CO(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO2(g) + 2H2(g) _2CH4(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO(g) + 6H2(g)

Overall reaction is 2CH4(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO(g) + 6H2(g).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Kp for the overall reaction has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Equilibrium constant: It is the ratio of products to reactants has a constant value when the reaction is in equilibrium at a certain temperature. And it is represented by the letter K.

For a reaction,

aA+bBcC+dD

The equilibrium constant in terms of  partial pressure is, K=(PC)c(PD)d(PA)a(PB)b

where,

a, b, c and d are the stoichiometric coefficients of reactant and product in the reactions

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17.99P

Kp for the overall reaction is 1.76×1029.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is shown below:

  2CH4(g) + O2(g)  2CO(g) + 4H2(g) (1)CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g) + H2(g) (2)Kp1 = 9.34×1028Kp2 = 1.374

To get the overall reaction for the formation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from methane, steam and oxygen, reaction (1) and (2) has to be added. Reaction (2) is multiplied with 2 for cancelling CO(g) from both reactions.

Hence, Kp2 becomes Kp2 = (1.374)2 = 1.888

Therefore,

Kp for the overall reaction is given below,

  Kp = Kp1Kp2= (9.34×1028)(1.888)= 1.76×1029

Kp for the overall reaction is 1.76×1029.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

KC for the overall reaction has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The relation between and Kp and Kc is given by the following equation.

Kp = Kc(RT)Δngas Kp = Equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressureKc = Equilibrium constant in terms of concentrationΔngas = moles of gaseous product  moles of gaseous reactant

Only moles of gaseous products and reactants are used for calculating Δngas.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17.99P

KC for the overall reaction is 3.19×1023.

Explanation of Solution

Given data is shown below:

  Overall reaction:2CH4(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO(g) + 6H2(g)KP =  1.76×1029T = 1000 K

  • Determine number of moles of reactants and products:

No. of moles of reactants = 2.0 mol CH4 + 1.0 mol O2 + 2.0 mol H2O= 5.0 molNo. of moles of products = 2.0 mol CO2 + 6.0 mol H2= 8.0 mol

  • Determine Δngas:

Δngas is determined as follows,

  Δngas  = moles of gaseous product - moles of gaseous reactant =85 =3

  • Determine KC:

KC of the reaction can be determined from given Kp as below,

  Kp = Kc(RT)Δngas1.76×1029= Kc[(0.0821 atm.L/mol.K)(1000 K)]3 Kc= 3.19×1023

Therefore,

KC for the overall reaction is 3.19×1023.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Final pressure for the given reaction has to be calculated using the given data.

Concept Introduction:

The relation between pressure and number of moles of gas is given by the following equation.

  ninitialPinitial = nfinalPfinalwhere,n = No. of molesP= Pressure

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17.99P

Final pressure for the given reaction is 48 atm.

Explanation of Solution

Given data is shown below:

  Overall reaction:2CH4(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(g)  2CO(g) + 6H2(g)Pinitial = 30.0 atm reactant

  • Determine initial number of moles of gas:

Total mol of gas initially = No. of moles of reactants = 2.0 mol CH4 + 1.0 mol O2 + 2.0 mol H2O= 5.0 mol

  • Determine initial number of moles of gas:

Total mol of gas finally = No. of moles of products = 2.0 mol CO2 + 6.0 mol H2= 8.0 mol

  • Determine final pressure::

Final pressure for the given reaction is determined as follows,

  ninitialPinitial = nfinalPfinal5.0 mol30.0 atm = 8.0 molPfinalPfinal = (30.0 atm)(8.0 mol5.0 mol)= 48 atm

Final pressure for the given reaction is 48 atm.

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Chapter 17 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book

Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.10AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.10BFPCh. 17.5 - An inorganic chemist studying the reactions of...Ch. 17.5 - A chemist studying the production of nitrogen...Ch. 17.6 - In a study of glass etching, a chemist examines...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.12BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.13AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.13BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.14AFPCh. 17.6 - Should T be increased or decreased to yield more...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.15AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.15BFPCh. 17.6 - Many metabolites are products in branched...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - When a chemical company employs a new reaction to...Ch. 17 - If there is no change in concentrations, why is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.5PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.6PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.7PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NO from its...Ch. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NH3 from H2...Ch. 17 - Balance each reaction and write its reaction...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.13PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.14PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.15PCh. 17 - At a particular temperature, Kc = 1.6×10−2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.17PCh. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.22PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.23PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.24PCh. 17 - When are Kc and Kp equal, and when are they not? Ch. 17 - A certain reaction at equilibrium has more moles...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.27PCh. 17 - Determine Δngas for each of the following...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.29PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.30PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.31PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.32PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.33PCh. 17 - The following molecular scenes depict the aqueous...Ch. 17 - At 425°C, Kp = 4.18 × 10−9 for the...Ch. 17 - At 100°C, Kp = 60.6 for the reaction 2NOBr(g) ⇌...Ch. 17 - The water-gas shift reaction plays a central role...Ch. 17 - In the 1980s, CFC-11 was one of the most heavily...Ch. 17 - For a problem involving the catalyzed reaction of...Ch. 17 - What is the basis of the approximation that avoids...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.41PCh. 17 - Gaseous ammonia was introduced into a sealed...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.43PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.44PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.45PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.46PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.47PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.48PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.49PCh. 17 - Nitrogen dioxide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Compound A decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - In an analysis of interhalogen reactivity, 0.500...Ch. 17 - A toxicologist studying mustard gas, S(CH2CH2Cl)2,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.55PCh. 17 - A key step in the extraction of iron from its ore...Ch. 17 - What does “disturbance” mean in Le Châtelier’s...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.58PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.59PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.60PCh. 17 - Le Châtelier’s principle is related ultimately to...Ch. 17 - An equilibrium mixture of two solids and a gas, in...Ch. 17 - Consider this equilibrium system: CO(g) + Fe3O4(s)...Ch. 17 - Sodium bicarbonate undergoes thermal decomposition...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.65PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.66PCh. 17 - Predict the effect of decreasing the container...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.68PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.69PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.70PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.71PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.72PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.73PCh. 17 - The formation of methanol is important to the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.75PCh. 17 - The oxidation of SO2 is the key step in H2SO4...Ch. 17 - A mixture of 3.00 volumes of H2 and 1.00 volume of...Ch. 17 - You are a member of a research team of chemists...Ch. 17 - For the following equilibrium system, which of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.80PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.81PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.82PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.83PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.84PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.85PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.86PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.87PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.88PCh. 17 - When 0.100 mol of CaCO3(s) and 0.100 mol of CaO(s)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.90PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.91PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.92PCh. 17 - Highly toxic disulfur decafluoride decomposes by a...Ch. 17 - A study of the water-gas shift reaction (see...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.95PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.96PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.97PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.98PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.99PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.100PCh. 17 - The molecular scenes below depict the reaction Y ⇌...Ch. 17 - For the equilibrium H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g) Kc =...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.103PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.104PCh. 17 - The kinetics and equilibrium of the decomposition...Ch. 17 - Isopentyl alcohol reacts with pure acetic acid to...Ch. 17 - Isomers Q (blue) and R (yellow) interconvert. They...Ch. 17 - Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4·10H2O, was used by J. R....Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.109PCh. 17 - Synthetic diamonds are made under conditions of...
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