General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 18.101QP
The direct reaction of iron(III) oxide. Fe2O3, to give iron and oxygen gas is a nonspontaneous reaction; normally, iron combines with oxygen to give rust (the oxide). Yet we do change iron(III) oxide, as iron ore, into iron metal. How is this possible? Explain.
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General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18.2 - You have a sample of 1.0 mg of solid iodine at...Ch. 18.2 - Liquid ethanol, C2H5OH(l), at 25C has an entropy...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.2ECh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3ECh. 18.4 - Calculate G for the following reaction at 25C. Use...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.5ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.6ECh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.2CCCh. 18.6 - Give the expression for K for each of the...Ch. 18.6 - Use the data from Table 18.2 to obtain the...
Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.9ECh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.3CCCh. 18.7 - Consider the decomposition of dinitrogen...Ch. 18.7 - The thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 18.7 - To what temperature must magnesium carbonate be...Ch. 18 - What is a spontaneous process? Give three examples...Ch. 18 - Which contains greater entropy, a quantity of...Ch. 18 - State the second law of thermodynamics.Ch. 18 - The entropy change S for a phase transition equals...Ch. 18 - Describe how the standard entropy of hydrogen gas...Ch. 18 - Describe what you would look for in a reaction...Ch. 18 - Define the free energy G. How is G related to H...Ch. 18 - What is meant by the standard free-energy change G...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.14QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.15QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.16QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.17QPCh. 18 - You run a reaction that has a negative entropy...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.19QPCh. 18 - Given the following information at 25C, calculate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22QPCh. 18 - For each of the following statements, indicate...Ch. 18 - Which of the following are spontaneous processes?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.25QPCh. 18 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for each of...Ch. 18 - Hypothetical elements A(g) and B(g) are introduced...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29QPCh. 18 - Describe how you would expect the spontaneity (G)...Ch. 18 - Chloroform, CHCl3, is a solvent and has been used...Ch. 18 - Diethyl ether (known simply as ether), (C2H5)2O,...Ch. 18 - The enthalpy change when liquid methanol. CH3OH,...Ch. 18 - The heat of vaporization of carbon disulfide, CS2,...Ch. 18 - Predict the sign of S, if possible, for each of...Ch. 18 - Predict the sign of S, if possible, for each of...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the following reactions, using...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the following reactions, using...Ch. 18 - Calculate S for the reaction...Ch. 18 - What is the change in entropy, S, for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Using enthalpies of formation (Appendix C),...Ch. 18 - Using enthalpies of formation (Appendix C),...Ch. 18 - The free energy of formation of one mole of...Ch. 18 - The free energy of formation of one mole of...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free energy of the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free energy of the...Ch. 18 - On the basis of G for each of the following...Ch. 18 - For each of the following reactions, state whether...Ch. 18 - Calculate H and G for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - Calculate H and G for the following reactions at...Ch. 18 - Consider the reaction of 2 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1...Ch. 18 - Consider the reaction of 1 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1...Ch. 18 - What is the maximum work that could be obtained...Ch. 18 - What is the maximum work that could be obtained...Ch. 18 - Give the expression for the thermodynamic...Ch. 18 - Write the expression for the thermodynamic...Ch. 18 - What is the standard free-energy change G at 25C...Ch. 18 - What is the standard free-energy change G at 25C...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free-energy change and the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard free-energy change and the...Ch. 18 - Obtain the equilibrium constant Kc at 25C from the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 25C from...Ch. 18 - Use data given in Tables 6.2 and 18.1 to obtain...Ch. 18 - Use data given in Tables 6.2 and 18.1 to obtain...Ch. 18 - Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, can be prepared by...Ch. 18 - Oxygen was first prepared by heating mercury(II)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.67QPCh. 18 - The combustion of acetylene, C2H2, is a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70QPCh. 18 - Acetic acid, CH3COOH, freezes at 16.6C. The heat...Ch. 18 - Acetone, CH3COCH3, boils at 56C. The heat of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.73QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.75QPCh. 18 - Ethanol burns in air or oxygen according to the...Ch. 18 - Acetic acid in vinegar results from the bacterial...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.78QPCh. 18 - Is the following reaction spontaneous as written?...Ch. 18 - Is the following reaction spontaneous as written?...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.81QPCh. 18 - The reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) is spontaneous at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.83QPCh. 18 - Calculate G at 25C for the reaction...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.85QPCh. 18 - Consider the reaction CS2(g)+4H2(g)CH4(g)+2H2S(g)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.87QPCh. 18 - a From a consideration of the following reactions,...Ch. 18 - For the reaction CH3OH(l)+32O2(g)2H2O(l)+CO2(g)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.90QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.91QPCh. 18 - Tungsten is usually produced by the reduction of...Ch. 18 - For the decomposition of formic acid,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.94QPCh. 18 - For the reaction 2Cu(s)+S(s)Cu2S(s) H and G are...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.96QPCh. 18 - When 1.000 g of gaseous butane, C4H10, is burned...Ch. 18 - When 1.000 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is burned...Ch. 18 - a Calculate K1, at 25C for phosphoric acid:...Ch. 18 - a Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid:...Ch. 18 - The direct reaction of iron(III) oxide. Fe2O3, to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.102QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105QPCh. 18 - Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.107QPCh. 18 - Hydrogen gas and iodine vapor react to produce...Ch. 18 - Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.110QPCh. 18 - Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.112QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.113QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.114QPCh. 18 - Sodium acetate crystallizes from a supersaturated...Ch. 18 - According to a source, lithium peroxide (Li2O2)...Ch. 18 - Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), CCl4,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.118QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.119QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.120QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.121QPCh. 18 - Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen bromide dissociates into its gaseous...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen gas and iodine gas react to form hydrogen...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.125QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.126QPCh. 18 - Ka for acetic acid at 25.0C is 1754 105. At...Ch. 18 - Ksp for silver chloride at 25.0C is 1.782 1010....
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- Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25C: CoCl26H2O(s)CoCl2(s)+6H2O(g) Here are some thermodynamic data at 25C: What is the partial pressure of water vapor in equilibrium with the anhydrous salt and the hexahydrate at 25C? (Give the value in mmHg.) What is the relative humidity of air that has this partial pressure of water? The relative humidity of a sample of air is Relativehumidity=partialpressureofH2O(g)inairvaporpressureofwater100 What do you expect to happen to the equilibrium partial pressure over the hexahydrate as the temperature is raised? Explain.arrow_forwardA mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas remains unreacted until it is exposed to ultraviolet light from a burning magnesium strip. Then the following reaction occurs very rapidly: H2(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g) Explain.arrow_forwardClassify the following processes as exergonic or endergonic. Explain your answers. a.Any combustion process b.Perspiration evaporation from the skin c.Melted lead solidifying d.An explosive detonating e.An automobile being pushed up a slight hill from point of view of the automobilearrow_forward
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