Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Amino acid that can replace glutamate that causes least disruption to the hemoglobin structure has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Many amino acids are linked together through amide bonds to form a biologically large molecule known to be proteins.
Amino functional group is
Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary disease caused by genetic difference that replaces one amino acid (glutamate) with another in each of the two polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
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- Sickle cell anemia is a horrific molecular disease that causes a multitude of issues within the human body, despite the disease’s hemoglobin only slightly varying in structure, as normal hemoglobin’s glutamic acid is instead replaced with valine in the beta-globin amino acid chain. By only changing structurally in this slight amount , sickle cell takes on its unique shape which then causes a multitude of issues within the human body. How does the replacement of glutamic acid with valine end up resulting in this shape, and how would it affect its interaction with the rest of the body?arrow_forwardWith the exception of glycine, all of the standard amino acids have one chiral center. Are there any amino acids that have two chiral centers?arrow_forwardHow many hemoglobin molecules are there in an average red cell? Assume that the molecular weight of the human hemoglobin tetramer is 65 kDa.arrow_forward
- Patients suffering from sickle cell anemia have a mutation in the gene that codes for one of the hemoglobin chains, in which a single glutamate is replaced by a valine. Propose an explanation for why this substitution has such a striking effect on protein structure and function with explanation. Suggest two other amino acids that would be less likely to cause such serious impairment of hemoglobin function if each was substituted for glutamate. Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat would be the structural formula of the oligopeptide if the amino acids are arginine, glutamine, glycine, methionine and glutamic acid considering the first amino acid is the N-terminusarrow_forwardIs a protein as good a cellular buffer at physiological pH as its constituent amino acids would be if they were present as free amino acids in proportional concentrations in the cell? Explain Based on your rationale in the previous question, describe the difference in the dissociation constants of the α-COOH of GABA and glutamate, and the differences in the dissociation constants of the amino group in each of these amino acids.arrow_forward
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