Study Guide And Full Solutions Manual For Fundamentals Of General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261379
Author: McMurry, John E., BALLANTINE, David S., HOEGER, Carl A., Peterson, Virginia E., Susan
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 18.104CP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Amino acid that can replace glutamate that causes least disruption to the hemoglobin structure has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Many amino acids are linked together through amide bonds to form a biologically large molecule known to be proteins.
Amino functional group is
Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary disease caused by genetic difference that replaces one amino acid (glutamate) with another in each of the two polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin.
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The interactions between the 2 a and 2 b subunits of hemoglobin represent what type of protein structure?
Considering the chemical characteristics of the amino acids valine and glutamic acid (see Figure 5.14), propose a possible explanation for the dramatic effect on protein function that occurs when valine is substituted for glutamic acid.
In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, what does the sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibit?
A) only altered primary structure
B) only altered tertiary structure
C) only altered quaternary structure
D) altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered
Chapter 18 Solutions
Study Guide And Full Solutions Manual For Fundamentals Of General, Organic, And Biological Chemistry
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18.3 - Examine the ball-and-stick model of valine in the...Ch. 18.3 - Indicate whether each of the following molecules...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.6PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.7KCPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.8PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18.4 - The proteins collagen, bovine insulin, and human...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.2CIAPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.13PCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.14PCh. 18.5 - Valine is an amino acid with a nonpolar side...Ch. 18.5 - Tripeptides are composed of three amino acids...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.17PCh. 18.5 - Identify the amino acids in the following...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 18.19PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3CIAPCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.4CIAPCh. 18.5 - Two of the most complete (balanced) proteins...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.6CIAPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.7CIAPCh. 18.6 - (a)What atoms are present in a planar unit in a...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.23PCh. 18.7 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18.7 - Complete the following two sentences with either...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 18.26KCPCh. 18.8 - Which of the following pairs of amino acids can...Ch. 18.8 - Look at Table 18.3 and identify the type of...Ch. 18.8 - In Figure 18.3, identify the amino acids that have...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 18.30PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.31PCh. 18.10 - Another endoprotease is trypsin. Trypsin...Ch. 18.10 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.8CIAPCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.9CIAPCh. 18 - Draw the structure of the following amino acids,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.35UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37UKCCh. 18 - Prob. 18.38UKCCh. 18 - Threonine has two chiral centers. Draw L-threonine...Ch. 18 - Name four biological functions of proteins in the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.41APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.42APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.46APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.47APCh. 18 - Draw leucine and identify any chiral carbon atoms...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50APCh. 18 - Is histidine hydrophilic or hydrophobic? Explain...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52APCh. 18 - At neutral pH, which of the following amino acids...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.54APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.56APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.57APCh. 18 - Proteins are usually least soluble in water at...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.59APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.63APCh. 18 - (a)Identify the amino acids present in the peptide...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.65APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.66APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.67APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.68APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.69APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.73APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.75APCh. 18 - What kind of bond would you expect between chains...Ch. 18 - Is the bond formed between each pair in Problem...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.78APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.79APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.80APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.81APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.82APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.83APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.84APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.85APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.86APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.87APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.88APCh. 18 - Give an example of a protein that has quaternary...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.90APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.91APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.92APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.93APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.94APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.95APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.96APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.97APCh. 18 - Prob. 18.98CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.99CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.100CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.101CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.102CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.106CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.107CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.108CPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.109GPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.110GPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.111GPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.112GP
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- Four of the most abundant amino acids in proteins are leucine, alanine, glycine, and valine. What do these amino acids have in common? Would you expect these amino acids to be found on the interior or on the exterior of theprotein?arrow_forwardIn sickle cell anemia, an inherited form of anemia in which the hemoglobin distorts the red blood cell to a characteristic sickle shape, the 6th residue of the β chain, a Glu residue, is replaced with a Val residue. This mutation substitutes the ____ Glu with a ____ Val.arrow_forwardThe common naturally occurring form of cysteine has a chirality center that is named (R), however; (a) What is the relationship between (R)-cysteine and (S)-alanine? (b) Do they have the opposite three-dimensional configuration (as the names might suggest) or the same configuration? (c) Is (R)-cysteine a D-amino acid or an L-amino acid?arrow_forward
- Hemoglobin is a complex protein that contains four polypeptide chains. The normal hemoglobin found in adults—called adult hemoglobin— consists of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains, which are encoded by different loci. Sickle-cell hemoglobin, which causes sicklecell anemia, arises from a mutation in the beta chain of adult hemoglobin. Adult hemoglobin and sickle-cell hemoglobin differ in a single amino acid: the sixth amino acid from one end in adult hemoglobin is glutamic acid, whereas sickle-cell hemoglobin has valine at this position. After consulting the genetic code provided in Figure 15.10, indicate the type and location of the mutation that gave rise tosickle-cell anemia.arrow_forwardCommercially available high-energy formulas for premature infants are rich in triacylglycerols containing short- and medium-chain fatty acids esterified at the sn-3 position. Why?arrow_forwardCurrently, aspartic acid is forming an ionic interaction with arginine in a protein. Part a) If arginine is replaced with glutamic acid, would the ionic interaction have its stability increased, decreased, or have no effect on the ionic interaction? Part b) If arginine is replaced with Lysine, would the ionic interaction have its stability increased, decreased, or have no effect on the ionic interaction? Part c) If arginine is replaced with isoleucine, would the ionic interaction have its stability increased, decreased, or have no effect on the ionic interaction?arrow_forward
- Sickle cell anemia is a horrific molecular disease that causes a multitude of issues within the human body, despite the disease’s hemoglobin only slightly varying in structure, as normal hemoglobin’s glutamic acid is instead replaced with valine in the beta-globin amino acid chain. By only changing structurally in this slight amount , sickle cell takes on its unique shape which then causes a multitude of issues within the human body. How does the replacement of glutamic acid with valine end up resulting in this shape, and how would it affect its interaction with the rest of the body?arrow_forwardWith the exception of glycine, all of the standard amino acids have one chiral center. Are there any amino acids that have two chiral centers?arrow_forwardHow many hemoglobin molecules are there in an average red cell? Assume that the molecular weight of the human hemoglobin tetramer is 65 kDa.arrow_forward
- Patients suffering from sickle cell anemia have a mutation in the gene that codes for one of the hemoglobin chains, in which a single glutamate is replaced by a valine. Propose an explanation for why this substitution has such a striking effect on protein structure and function with explanation. Suggest two other amino acids that would be less likely to cause such serious impairment of hemoglobin function if each was substituted for glutamate. Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat would be the structural formula of the oligopeptide if the amino acids are arginine, glutamine, glycine, methionine and glutamic acid considering the first amino acid is the N-terminusarrow_forwardIs a protein as good a cellular buffer at physiological pH as its constituent amino acids would be if they were present as free amino acids in proportional concentrations in the cell? Explain Based on your rationale in the previous question, describe the difference in the dissociation constants of the α-COOH of GABA and glutamate, and the differences in the dissociation constants of the amino group in each of these amino acids.arrow_forward
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