Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511177
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Strong or weak acid or base has to be classified for the given CH3NH2 compound.

Concept introduction:

Increasing acid strength:

Acids strength is mainly depending on the dissociation of ions, strong acids dissociates completely and weak acid dissociate slightly.

The hydrohalic acids are strong acids (HCl, HBr, and HI) other than (HF).

Oxoacids are strong acid when the number of oxygen excess than the ionizable proton by two or more oxygen atom for example, HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4.

The hydrogen atom which is not bonded to halogen atom or oxygen atoms are weak acid for example HCN, H2S.

The number of protons is equal to number oxygen in Oxoacids are weak acid for example  HClO, HNO2, and H3PO4 . In general, carboxylic acids are weak acid (RCOOH).

The acid strength is depending on the Ka value, if the  Ka value is larger the stronger the acid. 

Increasing base strength:

The base soluble in water and it contains O2- or OH is called Strong bases. In general, Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are more basic compound.

M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A (1) metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) MO or M(OH)2, where M = Group 2A (2) metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) 

Weak bases are NH3 and amines because they contain electron rich nitrogen atom

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Strong or weak acid or base has to be classified for the given K2O compound.

Concept introduction:

Increasing acid strength:

Acids strength is mainly depending on the dissociation of ions, strong acids dissociates completely and weak acid dissociate slightly.

The hydrohalic acids are strong acids (HCl, HBr, and HI) other than (HF).

Oxoacids are strong acid when the number of oxygen excess than the ionizable proton by two or more oxygen atom for example, HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4.

The hydrogen atom which is not bonded to halogen atom or oxygen atoms are weak acid for example HCN, H2S.

The number of protons is equal to number oxygen in Oxoacids are weak acid for example  HClO, HNO2, and H3PO4 . In general, carboxylic acids are weak acid (RCOOH).

The acid strength is depending on the Ka value, if the  Ka value is larger the stronger the acid. 

Increasing base strength:

The base soluble in water and it contains O2- or OH is called Strong bases. In general, Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are more basic compound.

M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A (1) metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) MO or M(OH)2, where M = Group 2A (2) metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) 

Weak bases are NH3 and amines because they contain electron rich nitrogen atom

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Strong or weak acid or base has to be classified for the given HI compound.

Concept introduction:

Increasing acid strength:

Acids strength is mainly depending on the dissociation of ions, strong acids dissociates completely and weak acid dissociate slightly.

The hydrohalic acids are strong acids (HCl, HBr, and HI) other than (HF).

Oxoacids are strong acid when the number of oxygen excess than the ionizable proton by two or more oxygen atom for example, HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4.

The hydrogen atom which is not bonded to halogen atom or oxygen atoms are weak acid for example HCN, H2S.

The number of protons is equal to number oxygen in Oxoacids are weak acid for example  HClO, HNO2, and H3PO4 . In general, carboxylic acids are weak acid (RCOOH).

The acid strength is depending on the Ka value, if the  Ka value is larger the stronger the acid. 

Increasing base strength:

The base soluble in water and it contains O2- or OH is called Strong bases. In general, Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are more basic compound.

M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A (1) metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) MO or M(OH)2, where M = Group 2A (2) metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) 

Weak bases are NH3 and amines because they contain electron rich nitrogen atom

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Strong or weak acid or base has to be classified for the given HCOOH compound.

Concept introduction:

Increasing acid strength:

Acids strength is mainly depending on the dissociation of ions, strong acids dissociates completely and weak acid dissociate slightly.

The hydrohalic acids are strong acids (HCl, HBr, and HI) other than (HF).

Oxoacids are strong acid when the number of oxygen excess than the ionizable proton by two or more oxygen atom for example, HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4.

The hydrogen atom which is not bonded to halogen atom or oxygen atoms are weak acid for example HCN, H2S.

The number of protons is equal to number oxygen in Oxoacids are weak acid for example  HClO, HNO2, and H3PO4 . In general, carboxylic acids are weak acid (RCOOH).

The acid strength is depending on the Ka value, if the Ka value is larger the stronger the acid. 

Increasing base strength:

The base soluble in water and it contains O2- or OH is called Strong bases. In general, Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are more basic compound.

M2O or MOH, where M = Group 1A (1) metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) MO or M(OH)2, where M = Group 2A (2) metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) 

Weak bases are NH3 and amines because they contain electron rich nitrogen atom.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book

Ch. 18.3 - The left-hand scene in the margin represents the...Ch. 18.3 - The right-hand scene depicts an aqueous solution...Ch. 18.4 - The conjugate acid of ammonia is the weak acid ....Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.7BFPCh. 18.4 - Cyanic acid (HOCN) is an extremely acrid, unstable...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.8BFPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.9AFPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.9BFPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.10AFPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.10BFPCh. 18.6 - Pyridine (C5H5N, see the space-filling model)...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 18.11BFPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.12AFPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 18.12BFPCh. 18.7 - Write equations to predict whether solutions of...Ch. 18.7 - Write equations to predict whether solutions of...Ch. 18.7 - Determine whether solutions of the following salts...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 18.14BFPCh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.15AFPCh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.15BFPCh. 18 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - What do “strong” and “weak” mean for acids and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.6PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.7PCh. 18 - Which of the following are Arrhenius...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Use Appendix C to rank the following in order of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.14PCh. 18 - Classify each as a strong or weak acid or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.16PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.17PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.18PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.19PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Which solution has the higher pH? Explain. A 0.1 M...Ch. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 0.0111 M NaOH? Is the...Ch. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 0.0333 M HNO3? Is the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.25PCh. 18 - (a) What is the pH of 7.52×10−4 M CsOH? Is the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.28PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.30PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.31PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - The two molecular scenes shown depict the relative...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.38PCh. 18 - A Brønstcd-Lowry acid-base reaction proceeds in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.41PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate...Ch. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate base: Ch. 18 - Give the formula of the conjugate...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.46PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.47PCh. 18 - In each equation, label the acids, bases, and...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - The following aqueous species constitute two...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.55PCh. 18 - Use Figure 18.8 to determine whether Kc > 1...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.57PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.59PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.63PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.64PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.65PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.66PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.67PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.68PCh. 18 - Hypochlorous acid, HClO, has a pKa of 7.54. What...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.70PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.72PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.73PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.74PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.75PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.76PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.77PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.78PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.79PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.80PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.81PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.82PCh. 18 - Formic acid, HCOOH, the simplest carboxylic acid,...Ch. 18 - Across a period, how does the electronegativity of...Ch. 18 - How does the atomic size of a nonmetal affect the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.86PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.87PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.88PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.89PCh. 18 - Choose the stronger acid in each of the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.91PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.92PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.93PCh. 18 - Use Appendix C to choose the solution with the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.95PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.96PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.97PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.98PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.99PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.100PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.101PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.102PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.103PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.104PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.105PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.106PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.107PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.108PCh. 18 - What is the pKb of ? What is the pKa of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.110PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.111PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.112PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.113PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.114PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.115PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.116PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.117PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.118PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.119PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.120PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.121PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.122PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.123PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.124PCh. 18 - Explain with equations and calculations, when...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.126PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.127PCh. 18 - Rank the following salts in order of increasing pH...Ch. 18 - Rank the following salts in order of decreasing pH...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.130PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.131PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.132PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.133PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.134PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.135PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.136PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.137PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.138PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.139PCh. 18 - Which are Lewis acids and which are Lewis...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.141PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.142PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.143PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.144PCh. 18 - Classify the following as Arrhenius,...Ch. 18 - Chloral (Cl3C—CH=O) forms a monohydrate, chloral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.147PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.148PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.149PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.150PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.151PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.152PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.153PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.154PCh. 18 - The strength of an acid or base is related to its...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.156PCh. 18 - Three beakers contain 100. mL of 0.10 M HCl,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.158PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.159PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.160PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.161PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.162PCh. 18 - What is the pH of a vinegar with 5.0% (w/v) acetic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.164PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.165PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.166PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.167PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.168PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.169PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.170PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.171PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.172PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.173PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.174PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.175PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.176PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.177PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.178PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.179PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.180PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.181PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.182PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.183PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.184PCh. 18 - Drinking water is often disinfected with Cl2,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.186P
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