The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented. Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones . The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols. The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by ( PCC ) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers. When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde. In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs. To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

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1. Compound A, C9H12, absorbs 3 equivalents of H2 on catalytic hydrogenation over palladium catalyst to give B, C9H18. On the treatment with acidic KMnO4, compound A gives among other things, a ketone that was identified as cyclohexanone. On reaction with NaNH2 in NH3, followed by addition of iodomethane, compound A gives a new hydrocarbon C, C10H14. What are the structures of A , B and C?

3 Provide the appropriate reagents or product in the following examples

Compound A (C9H12) absorbs three equivalents of H2 on a Catalina reduction over a palladium catalyst to give propylcyclohexane. On ozonolysis, compound A give the two products shown below. On treatment with NH2 , NH3 followed by addition of 1_bromo4methylpentane, compound A gave a new hydrocarbon,B (c5H24 ). What are the structures of compound A and B?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction