To explain why a methoxy group (CH 3 O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution Concept introduction: The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Why aldehydes and ketones do not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction?

For each of the reactions indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

To prepare an ether from an alkyl halide by a nucleophilic substitution reaction, what are the two types of nucleophiles that can be used?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain why a methoxy group (CH₃O) increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases the rate of nucleophilic aromatic substitution

Concept introduction:

The characteristic reaction of benzene is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction-a hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile. Because of benzene has six pi electrons that delocalized in six p-orbitals that overlap above and below the plane of the benzene ring. These loosely held pi-electrons make the benzene ring electron rich, and so it reacts with electrophiles. Moreover because of benzene's six pi electrons satisfy Huckel's rule, benzene is especially stable ring. Reactions that keep the aromatic ring intact are therefore favored. A substituent in the benzene can affect the electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Answer 8

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Answer 11

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - What acid chloride would be needed to prepare each...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how a methoxy group increases the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution, but decreases nucleophilic substitution.

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Chapter 18 Solutions