Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319114800
Author: BERG
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 18, Problem 19P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Oxidation-reduction states on given components of ETC, when rotenone, antimycin A, and cyanide blocks it.
Concept introduction:
The
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24. Backward. In what way is the electron transfer in ferridoxin-
NADP reductase similar to that of the pyruvate
dehydrogenase complex?
14. Inhibitors. Rotenone inhibits electron flow through
NADH-Q oxidoreductase. Antimycin A blocks electron
flow between cytochromes b and c₁. Cyanide blocks elec-
tron flow through cytochrome oxidase to O₂. Predict the
relative oxidation-reduction state of each of the following
respiratory-chain components in mitochondria that are
treated with each of the inhibitors:
(a) NAD+
(b) NADH-Q oxidoreductase
(c) coenzyme Q
(d) cytochrome c₁
(e) cytochrome c
(f) cytochrome a
This is the ATP accounting question. You are limited to the carbon in the following molecules:
One xylulose 5-phosphate, One glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, One sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1 Oxaloacetate, and 3 carbon dioxide
A) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules?
B) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, Calvin- Benson-Bassham cycle, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules (in this instance only, you also are given 3 ATP and note that you do NOT need to regenerate substrates for rubisco once you get through this enzyme).
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biochemistry (Looseleaf)
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - Prob. 18PCh. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - Prob. 20PCh. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 23PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - Prob. 25PCh. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - Prob. 43PCh. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46PCh. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - Prob. 48PCh. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - Prob. 50PCh. 18 - Prob. 51PCh. 18 - Prob. 52PCh. 18 - Prob. 53PCh. 18 - Prob. 54PCh. 18 - Prob. 55PCh. 18 - Prob. 56PCh. 18 - Prob. 57PCh. 18 - Prob. 58PCh. 18 - Prob. 59P
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- . In deciding which form of isocitrate dehydrogenase plays the more important role in the citric acid cycle-the NAD*-dependent or the NADP*-dependent form-what kinds of information would help you?arrow_forwardMatch the name of the process with its description Electron transport chain oxidation of pyruvate chemiosmotic phosphorylation citric acid cycle 1. The 2-carbon acetyl group separates from coenzyme A and attaches to a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate, forming the 6-carbon molecule called citrate. In a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps, the citrate loses 8 high-energy electrons to NAD+ and FAD. In addition, ADP is phosphorylated (changed to ATP) as part of step three. Carbons leave as carbon dioxide in steps 2 and 3. This leaves a 4-carbon molecule, which eventually combines with another Acetyl CoA to form citrate and the cycle begins again. 2. Pyruvate moves into the mitochondrion and two electrons are removed from pyruvate and transferred to NAD+. One of the carbon atoms in pyruvate leaves as a molecule of carbon dioxide. The remaining 2-carbon piece becomes attached to Coenzyme A. 3. Protons concentrated in the…arrow_forwardfor Succinate Dehydrogenase. 2 succinates to 2 fumarates produce: _______ FADH₂ So starting with 1 six carbon glucose, up to this point a total of _____ATP 2____CO₂, _____GTP, and _____NADH have been produced.arrow_forward
- Write the inhibitors of- · glycolysis . electron transport chainarrow_forward5 Enzyme involved in removing carboxyl groups. Reduces molecules by removing H (and electrons) from NADH. Catalyzes the interconversion of 3- Phosphoglycerate to 2-Phosphoglycerate by relocating the phosphate functional group. Transfers a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP to give pyruvate and ATP. group Plays a role in removing phosphate Answers Select match Dehydrogenase Mutase Phosphatase Decarboxylase Kinase Carboxykinasearrow_forwardEnzymes normally enhance the rates of biochemical reactions by preferentially binding and stabilizing the transition states rather than either the substrates or the products of a reaction. The F|-subunit of ATP synthase does not fit this norm so well as tight binding to ATP rather than a transition state is employed to make ATP. Explain the binding-change model of the mechanism of ATP-synthase. How and why is the proton-motive force used in the reaction cycle of ATP synthase?arrow_forward
- Select all that apply. Which of the following are coenzymes used in oxidation-reduction reactions? O FMN O FAD O NADP* O ATP NADarrow_forward2B. Calculate the total number of ATP that will be generated from the complete B-oxidation of oncobic acid (CH:(CH,),CH=CH(CH,),COOH; 15:1 cis-A9) in an organism that has all the standard required enzymes for metabolism but which pumps only 2 H" in complex I, 0 H' in complex II, 2 H* in complex III and 4 H' in complex IV. The F,F, ATPase is composed of 3 a/ß subunits and 10 c subunits. Show all of your calculations. HOarrow_forwardConsider 41 NADH and 19 FADH2 molecules funneling electrons into the electron transport chain coupled to oxldative phosphorylation 1. The total number of protons (H") pumped during the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 2. The total number of protons (H) pumped during the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 3. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 4. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 5. The net ATP yield from the oxidation of 41 NADH and 19 FADH, molecules isarrow_forward
- Which statement does NOT describe a general function of the pentose phosphate pathway? Group of answer choices The pentose phosphate pathway is used to produce NADPH for reductive biosynthesis in adipocytes. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the entry of dietary pentose intermediates into the glycolytic pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway produces reduced molecules whose electrons may be shuttled to the mitochondria for oxidative phosphorylation. The pentose phosphate pathway allows for the conversion of hexoses into pentoses that may be used as precursors in the synthesis of nucleosides.arrow_forwardConsider a 24:1 △cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the following. 1. Gross ATP from b-oxidation cycles 2. Gross ATP from acetyl CoA produced 3. Gross ATP from conversion of propionyl CoA (if applicable) 4. Total number of ATP deducted 5. Total net ATParrow_forwardI. ATP Calculation A. Given that three molecules of glucose underwent full oxidation, how many of the following is produced in each phase? Show your solutions. Glycolysis NADH FADH₂ ATP NADH FADH2 A B C ATP (Substrate Level) SUM TOTAL J K D E [1] F Pyruvate Oxidation F If this happens in the liver, how many ATPs will be synthesized if all NADH and FADH₂ entered ETC.. Total number L M N G H I O Kreb's Cycle ATP Producedarrow_forward
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