Organic Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305080485
Author: John E. McMurry
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18.2, Problem 2P
Why do you suppose only symmetrical ethers are prepared by the sulfuric-acid-catalyzed dehydration procedure? What product(s) would you expect if ethanol and 1-propanol were allowed to react together? In what ratio would the products be formed if the two alcohols were of equal reactivity?
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we know that ethers, such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, are quite resistant to the action of dilute acids and require hot concentrated HI or HBr for cleavage. However, acetals in which two ether groups are linked to the same carbon undergo hydrolysis readily, even in dilute aqueous acid. How do you account for this marked difference in chemical reactivity toward dilute aqueous acid between ethers and acetals?
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 18.1 - Name the following ethers:Ch. 18.2 - Why do you suppose only symmetrical ethers are...Ch. 18.2 - How would you prepare the following ethers using a...Ch. 18.2 - Review the mechanism of oxymercuration shown in...Ch. 18.2 - How would you prepare the following ethers? Use...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 6PCh. 18.3 - Prob. 7PCh. 18.3 - Write the mechanism of the acid-induced cleavage...Ch. 18.3 - Why are HI and HBr more effective than HCl in...Ch. 18.4 - What product would you expect from Claisen...
Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 11PCh. 18.6 - Predict the major product of each of the following...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 13PCh. 18.6 - Predict the major product of the following...Ch. 18.7 - 15-Crown-5 and 12-crown-4 ethers complex Na+ and...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 16PCh. 18.8 - 2-Butene-l-thiol is one component of skunk spray....Ch. 18.9 - The 1H NMR spectrum shown is that of a cyclic...Ch. 18.SE - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds...Ch. 18.SE - Show the product, including stereochemistry, that...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 21VCCh. 18.SE - Treatment of the following alkene with a...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 23MPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 24MPCh. 18.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 18.SE - The alkoxymercuration of alkenes involves the...Ch. 18.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 18.SE - Predict the product(s) and provide the mechanism...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 29MPCh. 18.SE - Ethers undergo an acid-catalyzed cleavage reaction...Ch. 18.SE - Treatment of 1, 1-diphenyl-l, 2-epoxyethane with...Ch. 18.SE - Fluoxetine, a heavily prescribed antidepressant...Ch. 18.SE - When 2-methyl-2, 5-pentanediol is treated with...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 34MPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 35MPCh. 18.SE - Aldehydes and ketones undergo acid-catalyzed...Ch. 18.SE - Propose a mechanism to account for the following...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 38APCh. 18.SE - Prob. 39APCh. 18.SE - How would you prepare the following ethers?Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 41APCh. 18.SE - tert-Butyl ethers can be prepared by the reaction...Ch. 18.SE - Treatment of trans-2-chlorocyclohexanol with NaOH...Ch. 18.SE - Predict the products of the following ether...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 45APCh. 18.SE - Prob. 46APCh. 18.SE - Write the mechanism of the hydrolysis of cis-5,...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 48APCh. 18.SE - Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a 1,...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 50APCh. 18.SE - Epoxides are reduced by treatment with lithium...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 52APCh. 18.SE - The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) uses a chemical...Ch. 18.SE - Anethole, C10H12O, a major constituent of the oil...Ch. 18.SE - Propose structures for compounds that have the...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 56GPCh. 18.SE - How would you synthesize anethole (Problem 18-54)...Ch. 18.SE - How could you prepare benzyl phenyl ether from...Ch. 18.SE - Meerwein's reagent, triethyloxonium...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 60GPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 61GPCh. 18.SE - The Zeisel method is an old analytical procedure...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 63GPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 64GPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 65GPCh. 18.SE - Identify the reagents a-e in the following scheme:Ch. 18.SE - Propose structures for compounds that have the...Ch. 18.SE - Prob. 68GPCh. 18.SE - Prob. 69GPCh. 18.SE - Predict the product(s) if the starting materials...
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- The base-promoted rearrangement of an -haloketone to a carboxylic acid, known as the Favorskii rearrangement, is illustrated by the conversion of 2-chlorocyclohexanone to cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. It is proposed that NaOH first converts the a-haloketone to the substituted cyclopropanone shown in brackets and then to the sodium salt of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. (a) Propose a mechanism for base-promoted conversion of 2-chlorocyclohexanone to the proposed intermediate. (b) Propose a mechanism for base-promoted conversion of the proposed intermediate to sodium cyclopentanecarboxylate.arrow_forwardConversion of an alkene to a halohydrin and internal displacement of a halide ion by an alkoxide ion are both stereoselective. Use this information to demonstrate that the configuration of the alkene is preserved in the epoxide. As an illustration, show that reaction of cis-2-butene by this two-step sequence gives cis-2,3- dimethyloxirane (cis-2-butene oxide).arrow_forwardGive the product(s) that would be formed when 3-methyl-3-pentanol is subjected to acid-catalyzed dehydration. If more than one product would be formed, designate the one that would be the major product.arrow_forward
- How can you obtain iodoethane from ethanol when no other iodine containing reagent except NaI is available in the laboratory?arrow_forwardDoxaprost, an orally active bronchodilator patterned after the natural prostaglandins , is synthesized in the following series of reactions starting with ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate. Except for the Nef reaction in Step 8, we have seen examples of all other types of reactions involved in this synthesis. Q. Write equations to show that Step 6 can be brought about using either methanol or diazomethane (CH2N2) as a source of the -CH3 in the methyl ester.arrow_forward13. Explain why 92% of 2,4-pentanedione exist as enol in hexane but only 15% of this compound exist as enol tautomer in water?arrow_forward
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- . A colorless liquid, C4H6O, having a boiling point of 97-98°C was found to be soluble in water and also in ether. It gave a negative test for the presence of halogens, sulfur, and nitrogen. It did however, give a positive test to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent. It gave a negative result when treated with ceric nitrate solution and also Tollen’s reagent. Treatment with ozone followed by hydrolysis in the presence of zinc gave formaldehyde as one of the products. What is the structure and name of the colorless liquid?arrow_forwardWhich of the following ethers can be formed in good yield by condensation of thecorresponding alcohols? For those that cannot be formed by condensation, suggest analternative method that will work.(a) dibutyl ether (b) ethyl n-propyl etherarrow_forward1. Compound A, C9H12, absorbs 3 equivalents of H2 on catalytic hydrogenation over palladium catalyst to give B, C9H18. On the treatment with acidic KMnO4, compound A gives among other things, a ketone that was identified as cyclohexanone. On reaction with NaNH2 in NH3, followed by addition of iodomethane, compound A gives a new hydrocarbon C, C10H14. What are the structures of A , B and C?arrow_forward
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