The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified. Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates. The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism; (1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate. (2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction. Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.9, Problem 19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.9, Problem 19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.9, Problem 19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reagents that has to be used to prepare the given compound has to be identified.

Concept introduction: The nucleophile reacts with α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones forming either direct addition product or conjugate addition product. When the nucleophile is a weak base conjugate addition product predominates.

The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;

(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.

(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.

Michael reaction: The nucleophilic addition reaction of carboanion or some nucleophile to αβ- unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18.9, Problem 19P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction