To determine: The histone H3 modifications that are associated with the activation of the gene.
Introduction: Histone modifications take place at specific amino acids in the N-terminal tail of histones H3, H4, 2A, and 2B.
To determine: The H3 modifications that are associated with repression of gene expression.
Introduction: The sum of the complex patterns and interactions within the histone molecules is known as the histone code.
(a)
To determine: Whether there are any overlaps on the lists of H3 modifications.
Introduction: Over twenty different chemical modifications can be made to histones. The major alterations include the addition of acetyl, phosphate, and methyl groups.
(b)
To determine: Whether the overlaps can be explained by different modifications.
Introduction: Histone modifications are covalent posttranscriptional modifications of amino acids near the N-terminal ends of histone proteins.
(c)
To determine: The other way to explain the overlaps.
Introduction: Amino acids are considered as building blocks of protein. Lysine is an amino acid. The process of formation of proteins from RNA is known as translation.
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Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
- EF-Tu, a member of the G-protein family, plays a crucial role in the elongation process of translation. Suppose that a slowly hydrolyzable analog of GTP were added to an elongating system. What would be the effect on the rate of protein synthesis?arrow_forwardEF-Tu, a member of the G-protein family, plays acrucial role in the elongation process of translation. Suppose that a slowly hydrolyzable analog of GTP were added to an elongating system. What would be the effect on the rate of protein synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat steps in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis require GTP hydrolysis? What role does it play in each step?arrow_forward
- What advantages are there for synthesizing an inactive protein that must subsequently be activated by posttranslationalmodifications?arrow_forwardWhen the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced. Gcn4 translation, however, is increased. A. Why? B. In general, what is the mechanism by which Gcn4 levels are increased? C. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if only one of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4? D. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if all of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4?arrow_forwarda. Panels G, H, and I show pattters wher fluorescence is detected in the cytosol or internal cellular membranes. Do these results support the hypothesis that the identity of the beta subunit also plays a role in subcellular localization? b.If co-expression of a given alpha subunit caused the pairs in panels G, H, and I to migrate to the plasma membrane, what would that tell you about the process of plasma membrane localization with heterotrimeric G-proteins containing the beta-5 subunit? (This is all the information that is provided!)arrow_forward
- Attenuation affects anabolic pathways, whereas repression affects either anabolic or catabolic pathways. Provide an explanation for thisarrow_forwardConsider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.arrow_forwardFor each of the following transcription factors, explain how eukaryotic transcriptional initiation would be affected if it were missing. A. TFIIB C. TFIIH B. TFIIDarrow_forward
- When the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced. Gcn4 translation, however, is increased. A. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if only one of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4? B. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if all of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4?arrow_forwardIf a repressor prevents TFIID from binding to the TATA box, why does this inhibit transcription?arrow_forwardWhy is it important that the approximately 60 different Rab GTPases in humans are associated with different intracellular membranes?arrow_forward
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