Chapter 19, Problem 39A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The functions of various parts of nuclear reactor are to be described.

Concept introduction: Because of the emission of large energy nuclear fission has been developed as an energy source to produce electricity in reactors where controlled fission can occur. The resulting energy is used to heat water to produce steam that runs turbine which in turn runs the electric generator.

Answer to Problem 39A

The major components of the nuclear reactor are moderator, reactor coolant, control rods, and containment shell.

Explanation of Solution

1. Neutrons produced by nuclear reactions move too fast to cause fission. A moderator slows down the neutrons so that the uranium fuel can capture them more efficiently.
2. Coolant is used to carry the heat produced by the fission reaction to an external boiler and turbine, where it is converted into electricity. Many nuclear power plants uses light water as a coolant.
3. Control rods, made up of substances such as cadmium, boron and hafnium that absorb neutrons and are used to regulate the rate of the chain reaction.
4. A nuclear reactor produces neutrons and other decay products that remains radioactive and emits radiation. Apart from that, a nuclear reactor is thermally very hot and high pressures result from the circulation of water or another coolant through it. Thus, a reactor must tolerate such high temperatures and pressures and must protect operating personnel from the radiation. Reactors are equipped with a containment shield to do this job.

Conclusion

The major components of the nuclear reactor are moderator, reactor coolant, control rods, and containment shell.