Chapter 19.3, Problem 6RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The factors help to determine the biological effects of radiation, needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Radioactive particles and rays are very useful in biological practices. On the basis of their characteristic, these particles are generally used in biological effects.

Answer to Problem 6RQ

There are various factors which are used for the determination of biological effect:

1. The energy of the radiation.
2. Penetrating ability of the radiation.
3. The ability of the radiation to ionize.

Explanation of Solution

1. The energy of the radiation- Due to the higher energy of the radiation, it causes the damage.
2. Penetrating ability of the radiation: - In the radioactive process, the production of particles and rays are varied on the basis of their ability to penetrate the human tissues.
3. The ability of the radiation to ionize: - In living tissues, the radiation that removes electrons from the molecules disturbs their functions. Gamma rays can penetrate very deeply while alpha rays are less penetrating. Alpha rays produce damage when it causes ionization.

Conclusion

The energy of the radiation, their penetrating ability, their ionizing ability and the chemical properties of the radiation source are some basic factors that help to determine the biological effects.