BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 3A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The anterior-posterior (A/P) and dorsal-ventral (D/V) axes are determined by the chemicals called morphogens. Determination of these polarities is extremely vital as the body is then arranged accordingly.
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Explain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.
Most organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn.
a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm?
b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?
a. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.
Chapter 19 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.2 - Distinguish differences in cell division between...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 19.5 - Describe D/V axis formation in Drosophila.Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 19.7 - Prob. 3LOCh. 19 - What type of cells would develop if you injected...Ch. 19 - The sheep used for the donor nucleus had a...Ch. 19 - During development, cells become a. differentiated...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2UCh. 19 - Prob. 3UCh. 19 - Prob. 4UCh. 19 - Plant meristems a. are only present during...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6UCh. 19 - The process of nuclear reprogramming a. is a...Ch. 19 - What is the common theme in cell determination by...Ch. 19 - The process of reproductive cloning a. shows that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ACh. 19 - Prob. 4ACh. 19 - The genes that encode the morphogen gradients in...Ch. 19 - What would be the likely result of a mutation of...Ch. 19 - MADS-box, and Hox genes are a. found only in...Ch. 19 - The fate map for C. elegans (refer to figure 19.3)...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2SCh. 19 - You have generated a set of mutant embryonic mouse...Ch. 19 - Assume you have the factors in hand necessary to...
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- What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?arrow_forwardWhat is the signaling pathway that mediates the organizing activity of the A/P organizer in the Drosophila wing disc? Describe two experiments that suggest this pathway functions to organize pattern and promote growth along the anterior/posterior axis of wing imaginal discs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement(s) is/are true with regard to positional information in Drosophila? A. Morphogens are a type of molecule that conveys positional information. B. Morphogenetic gradients are established only in the oocyte, prior to fertilization. C. Cell adhesion molecules also provide a way for a cell to obtain positional information.arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion What characteristics of the DSX protein enable the female- and male-specific isoforms of DSX to regulate the same genes but with different outcomes in female and male development? [multiple answers possible] A.The two isoforms are different alleles of the same gene B.The two isoforms have different DNA-binding domains C.The two isoforms are lncRNAs involved in dosage compensation D.The two isoforms differ in their activation domain E.The two isoforms share the same activation domain F. The two isoforms share the same DNA-binding domainarrow_forwardSuggest a direct experiment to prove that p53 binding at gene promoters affects the level of gene expression of the corresponding genes.arrow_forwardYou find a new gene and want to know if it is expressed in the nervous system of Drosophila.What do you think is the quickest method to test this?arrow_forward
- The figure below shows the distribution of proteins during embryo development in Drosophila. These proteins are encoded by which types of genes? Which proteins regulate the expression of these genes?arrow_forwardIn the gene in the fruit fly (Drosophila) called antennepedia. It controls the formation of which structures? What happens when it is mutated?arrow_forwardDescribe the relationship between homeotic genes in Drosophila and in mice.arrow_forward
- given a situation in which you manipulated a zebrafish embryo by injecting high levels of retinoic acid so that no anterior genes will be expressed. Surprisingly, after embryonic development, you are still able to observed the presence of anterior structures. What could explain this observation? What changes in your experiment would you make to achieve your objective?arrow_forwardHomeotic genes(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression ofgenes responsible for specific anatomical structures.(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.arrow_forwardThe anterior structure of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. nanos proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. b. caudal proteins promote the transcription of the bicoid gene. c. bicoid proteins promote transcription of the hunchback gene. d. hunchback proteins block the transcription of the caudal gene. The posterior structures of the Drosophila is promoted by which of the following events?* a. caudal proteins block the transcription of the bicoid gene. b. bicoid proteins block transcription of the hunchback gene. c. nanos proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene. d. hunchback proteins promote the transcription of the caudal gene.arrow_forward
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