BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337254175
Author: Russell
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Chapter 19, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Genomics is the study in which whole genome is characterized, their function, structure, sequence, and evolution. Genomics help in determining the sequences of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The total amount of DNA present within one copy of a single genome.
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. a. If you found a zinc-finger domain (which facilitates DNA binding) in a newly identified gene,what kinds of hypotheses could you make aboutthe gene’s function?b. Suppose that this newly identified gene shares ahigh percentage of similarity throughout its lengthwith a previously characterized gene in the sameorganism. What does this fact suggest about the origin of the two genes? Would you categorize thesegenes as being: (i) homologous, (ii) paralogous, or(iii) orthologous? (More than one answer may apply.)
. Suppose that you wanted to make a genomic library to determine the complete sequence of anewly discovered organism’s genome, but you didnot have a sonicator readily available. Explain howyou could nonetheless use two or more restrictionenzymes to make libraries whose clones could besequenced so that a computer could assemble thegenomic sequence.
Suppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%
Chapter 19 Solutions
BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 19.1 - What additional biological questions can be...Ch. 19.2 - What is the principle behind whole-genome shotgun...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19 - How do pseudogenes differ from genes? a. They are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 19 - About 95% of the average human transcription unit...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 19 - When two protein-coding genes have very similar...Ch. 19 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 19 - Discuss Concepts The genome of the yeast...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 19 - Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome....
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- Homologous genesa. are derived from the same ancestral gene.b. are likely to carry out the same or similar functions.c. have similar DNA sequences.d. exhibit all of the above features.arrow_forwardwhat would you expect to find in a metagenomic library ? (check all that apply) A. peer reviewed research articles on disease and the environment B. the complete genome from a new species C. bits of DNA from numerous species D. many copies of cloning vector with different inserts E. a composite genome from several related species F. some DNA representing genes that are similar but differ in exact sequencearrow_forwardExplain why the answer is correct. For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins. c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins. d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes. e) all of these are truearrow_forward
- The genome relatedness of different organisms can be shown with a phylogenetic tree constructed based on DNA sequence. (1) Why DNA sequences could be used to deduce genome relationship? (2) What else may be used to suggest the relatedness of different genomes?arrow_forwardD) Two dragonfly populations that have accumulated several differences in their DNA sequences How do you know that is the answer? I thought we were not allowed to use DNA sequences in the lineage species concept.arrow_forwardThree species have the following DNA sequences at a particular region of a gene: Species A: ACGT Species B: ACGT Species C: AGGT An outgroup is AGGT. a. Which two species are most likely to be sister species? b. How do you know?arrow_forward
- Which of the following organisms would be the most likely to have identical copies of the Alu sequence, repeated thousands of times in its genome? A. the Japanese pufferfish B. Escherichia coli C. the chimpanzee D. Fugu rubripes E. the mousearrow_forwardBy comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related. b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related. c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.arrow_forwardselect the correct options: A) For organisms that diverged >74 mya, ignore 3rd base positions within codons because they will offer little phylogenetic information for organisms. B) use different parts ofthe genome to estimate different parts of a phylogeny C) Use only 1st base positions within codons because they increase rapidly at first, then level off as result of single subsitituions at the same sites D) Use slowly evolvong sites in the squecne, such as 2nd base positions within codonsfor analyzing the oldest relationships among organisms.arrow_forward
- ecall the E. coli long-term evolution experiment. What is the evidence that supports the notion of “historical contingency”? A. All strains that evolved to be Cit+ were found to have changes to the exact same gene. B. Cit+ cells could import citrate under both low oxygen and high oxygen conditions. C. That after 30,000 generations the genotypes of all 12 lines were identical. D. Replay experiments only produced new Cit+ strains after 20,000 generationsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are evidence that mitochondria and bacteria are descendants of bacteria? (Select all that apply.) a) The DNA structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts is similar to that of bacteria b) The DNA sequence of mitochondria and chloroplasts is similar to that of bacteria c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genomes that are not enclosed in a nuclear envelope. d) MItochondria and chloroplasts have their own ribosomes.arrow_forwardMolecular marker is used to determine relatedness of species which may directly or indirectly exerts an effect on diversity. A hypothetical ancestor has the following DNA sequences: G A A G C T A T T C A T T. There are two lineage with DNA sequences of G A A G G T A T T C T C G, and G A A C C T A T T C T G C. (1) Determine the percentage of A and T in the DNA sequence of the hypothetical ancestor. (2) Calculate the percentage of each nitrogenous base in the second lineage.arrow_forward
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