BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337254175
Author: Russell
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Chapter 19, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
During the course of time, biological evolution has produced many new genes. A common example includes the evolution of four species of fruit fly (Drosophila species). The analysis of their genes had identified 200 extra genes from the past millions of years.
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The Human Genome Project resulted in the identification of 20,000 genes that code for proteins in humans. On average, each gene can code for 4 different proteins. Which of the following processes explains how a single gene could code for more than one protein?
A) the central dogma of molecular biology
B) mutations
C) alternative splicing
D) redundancy in the genetic code
E) the fact that there are three stop codons
A biology professor at a prestigious university stated to his introductory
class that "Today, a basic understanding of DNA and genetics is as important as a basic understanding of computers and the internet."Based upon what you have learned about DNA and gene expression in this module, how could you make a case to support this statement?
Your friend has discovered that the same human promoter is responsible for producing two different proteins. In Kidney cells it is responsible for the production of protein A while in Brain cells it is responsible for the production of Protein B. Your friend has concluded that this promoter must be controlling two different genes. Do you agree or disagree with your friend's conclusion? Explain why or why not. Be sure to describe the molecular events to support your answer.
Chapter 19 Solutions
BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 19.1 - What additional biological questions can be...Ch. 19.2 - What is the principle behind whole-genome shotgun...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19 - How do pseudogenes differ from genes? a. They are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 19 - About 95% of the average human transcription unit...Ch. 19 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 19 - When two protein-coding genes have very similar...Ch. 19 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 19 - Discuss Concepts The genome of the yeast...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 19 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 19 - Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome....
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- Some genes evolve more rapidly than others. But how can this be demonstrated?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best represents the central dogma of geneexpression?a. During transcription, DNA codes for polypeptides.b. During transcription, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes forpolypeptides during translation.c. During translation, DNA codes for mRNA, which codes forpolypeptides during transcription.d. none of the abovearrow_forwardSome bacteria might be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Do you think there would be an evolutionary advantage of this ability? Explain.arrow_forward
- What are the mechanisms in which DNA genomes evolve? Discuss two or more and provide examples and whyarrow_forwardUsing the Figure below briefly describe four basic molecular genetic processes. What is a duration of these processes in an averaged human cell?arrow_forwarda. Which gene is mutated in individuals with sickle-cell anemia? b. What are the major symptoms of this disorder? c. What was the first published scientific description of sickle-cell anemia? d. Describe two other features of this disorder that you learned from the OMIM database and state where in the database you found this informationarrow_forward
- Comparing DNA sequences in different species indicates that more DNA segments that do not code for protein have been conserved (unchanged) than protein- coding regions. These non-protein-coding regions areinterpreted as gene regulatory elements. Suggest why gene regulatory elements have not undergone many changes during the course of evolution.arrow_forwardIf a mutation in a homeotic gene produced the following phenotypes, would you expect it to be a loss-of-function or a gain-offunction mutation? Explain your answer. A. An abdominal segment has antennae attached to it. B. The most anterior abdominal segment resembles the most posterior thoracic segment. C. The most anterior thoracic segment resembles the most posterior abdominal segment.arrow_forwardMobile genetic elements, such as the Alu sequences, are found in many copies in human DNA. In what ways could the presence of an Alu sequence affect a nearby gene?arrow_forward
- All the cells of one organisms share the genome. However, during development, some cells develop into skin cells while others develop into muscle cells. How can the same genetic instructions result in two different cell types in the same organism? Thoroughly explain your answer.arrow_forwardName one step of gene expression and describe one way that step differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.arrow_forwardHumans have engaged in genetic manipulation for millennia, producing plant and animal varieties through selective breeding and hybridization that significantly modify genomes of organisms. Why do you think modern genetic engineering, which often entails introducing or modifying only one or a few genes, has met with so much opposition? Should some forms of genetic engineering be of greater concern than others? Explain.arrow_forward
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