The type of the given reaction has to be identified. Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile. A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base. The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester. A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between two different esters or between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or ester do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19.9, Problem BQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between two different esters or between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or ester do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Explain the following reactions giving one example in each : (i) Cross Aldol condensation(ii) Cannizzaro reaction(iii) Decarboxylation reaction(vi) Kolbe’s reaction(v) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction

All are true or false a) The initially formed b-hydroxy carbonyl compound loses water in a Aldol condensation. b) Equilibrium favors the starting materials with both aldehydes and ketones for Aldol reactions. c)The Claisen reaction is a type of nucleophilic addition? d) The b-hydroxy carbonyl product of an Aldol reaction is oftentimes not the final isolated product. e)b-Ketoester and an enolate are the two starting materials for a Robinson annulation

[The two reagents in the third step enable an aldol condensation and a Michael addition reaction. You may use a 1-carbon aldehyde.]

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19.9, Problem BQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between two different esters or between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or ester do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19.9, Problem BQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between two different esters or between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or ester do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19.9, Problem BQ

Interpretation Introduction