Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 15EQ
A cross was made between two strains of plants that are agriculturally important. One strain was disease-resistant but herbicide-sensitive; the other strain was disease-sensitive but herbicide-resistant. A plant breeder crossed the two plants and then allowed the
Formulate a hypothesis that you think is consistent with the observed data. Test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesis using a chi square test. Explain what the chi square results mean.
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A genetic cross was made between two types of pea plants. One type produces round and green seeds, while the other type produces wrinkled and yellow seeds. A plant breeder crossed these two types and then allowed the F1 generation to self-fertilize. The following data were obtained:
F1 generation: all produce wrinkled and yellow seeds.
F2 generation: 157 produce wrinkled and yellow seeds
57 produce wrinkled and green seeds
54 produce round and yellow seeds
20 produce round and green seeds
a) Propose a hypothesis that you think is consistent with the observed data.
b) Test the goodness of fit between the data and your hypothesis using a chi square test.
c) Explain what your calculated chi square results mean.
Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high.SO In a cross between a 29cm plant and a 20cm plant what would be the genotypes giving the smallest number of different phenotypes? specify the phenotypes observed.
Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high.So What would be the size and genotype of the F1 from a cross between a true-breeding 11 cm plant and a true-breeding 47 cm plant?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 2.1 - 1. Experimental advantages of using pea plants...Ch. 2.1 - The term cross refers to an experiment in which a....Ch. 2.1 - 3. To avoid self-fertilization in his pea plants,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 2.3 - A pea plant has the genotype rrYy. How many...Ch. 2.3 - A cross is made between a pea plant that is RrYy...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 2.4 - Which of the following would not be observed in a...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2COMQ
Ch. 2.5 - A cross is made between AABbCcDd and AaBbccdd...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 2 - 1. Why did Mendel’s work refute the idea of...Ch. 2 - 2. What is the difference between...Ch. 2 - 3. Describe the difference between genotype and...Ch. 2 - 4. With regard to genotypes, what is a...Ch. 2 - 5. How can you determine whether an organism is...Ch. 2 - In your own words, describe Mendels law of...Ch. 2 - Based on genes in pea plants that we have...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 2 - Do you know the genotype of an individual with a...Ch. 2 - 10. A cross is made between a pea plant that has...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 2 - 12. Describe the significance of nonparentals with...Ch. 2 - For the following pedigrees, describe what you...Ch. 2 - Ectrodactyly, also known as lobster claw syndrome,...Ch. 2 - Identical twins are produced from the same sperm...Ch. 2 - In cocker spaniels, solid coat color is dominant...Ch. 2 - A cross was made between a white male dog and two...Ch. 2 - 18. In humans, the allele for brown eye color (B)...Ch. 2 - Albinism, a condition characterized by a partial...Ch. 2 - A true-breeding tall plant was crossed to a dwarf...Ch. 2 - 21. For pea plants with the following genotypes,...Ch. 2 - 22. An individual has the genotypeand makes an...Ch. 2 - 23. In people with maple syrup urine disease, the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 2 - 25. A true-breeding pea plant with round and Page...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 2 - 27. What are the expected phenotypic ratios from...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28CONQCh. 2 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 2 - A pea plant that is dwarf with green, wrinkled...Ch. 2 - 31. A true-breeding plant with round and green...Ch. 2 - Wooly hair is a rare dominant trait found in...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare dominant trait that...Ch. 2 - 34. A woman with achondroplasia (a dominant form...Ch. 2 - 1. Describe three advantages of using pea plants...Ch. 2 - Explain the technical differences between a...Ch. 2 - 3. How long did it take Mendel to complete the...Ch. 2 - 4. For all seven characters described in the data...Ch. 2 - From the point of view of crosses and data...Ch. 2 - 6. As in many animals, albino coat color is a...Ch. 2 - 7. The fungus Melampsora lini causes a disease...Ch. 2 - For Mendels data for the experiment in Figure 2.8,...Ch. 2 - 9. Would it be possible to deduce the law of...Ch. 2 - In fruit flies, curved wings are recessive to...Ch. 2 - A recessive allele in mice results in an unusally...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12EQCh. 2 - Prob. 13EQCh. 2 - Prob. 14EQCh. 2 - 15. A cross was made between two strains of plants...Ch. 2 - A cross was made between two pea plants, TtAa and...Ch. 2 - Consider this four-factor cross: TtRryyAaTtRRYyaa,...
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- Bateson and Punnett crossed two white-flowered lines and saw all purple flowers in the F1 generation. They concluded this was an example of complementary gene interactions because a cross of the F1 plants yielded what ratio in the F2 generation? A) 8 purple to 8 white B) 16 purple to 0 white C) 0 purple to 16 white D) 7 purple to 9 white E) 9 purple to 7 whitearrow_forwardIn an intra-species cross performed in mustard plants of two different species (Brassica juncea and Brassica oleracea), a tall plant (TT) was crossed with a dwarf (tt) variety in each of the two species. The members of the F1 generation were crossed to produce the F2 generation. Of the F2 plants, Brassica juncea had 60 tall and 20 dwarf plants, while Brassica oleracea had 100 tall and 20 dwarf plants. Use chi-square analysis to analyze these results.arrow_forwardIf a cross is made between two plants that are heterozygous for two traits (AaBb), then their offspring should follow the 9:3:3:1 ratio. In this case, A is the dominant allele for purple leaves, and B is the dominant allelle for curly roots. If the two parents were crossed to yield 320 progeny, approximately how many plants with purple leaves and curly roots would you expect? Group of answer choices a.180 b.225 c.25 d.50 As part of a lab experiment, you create a two-locus cross between two plants, and you expect to see a 8:4:2:2 ratio of offspring. You determine the phenotype for 160 offspring, and find the proportions 84:38:19:19. If you use a chi-square test to determine whether the offspring do indeed fit this pattern, how many degrees of freedom would the test have? Group of answer choices a.2 b.3 c.83 d.4arrow_forward
- Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. How many genes and how many alleles are involved in determining height in this plant?arrow_forwardTwo true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high In a cross between a 29cm plant and a 20cm plant what would be the genotypes giving the smallest number of different phenotypes? specify the phenotypes observed.arrow_forwardA heterozygous plant of AaBb genotype was testcrossed and gave the following results. Phenotypes A _B_ A_bb aaB_ aabb Number 140 38 32 150 Are genes A and B independently inherited? Show the mathematical basis of your decision. If genes A and B are not independently inherited, what could be the alternative mode of inheritance?arrow_forward
- Two true-breeding varieties of maize, one 11 cm high and the other 47 cm high were crossed and the resultant F1 hybrids were then crossed to generate the F2 . In the F2 there were a total of 13,923 plants with a continuous variation in heights between the two extremes and with only 3 plants as large as 47 cm high and 5 plants of 11 cm high. e) In a cross between a 29cm plant and a 20cm plant what would be the genotypes giving the smallest number of different phenotypes? specify the phenotypes observed. Please answer the following problem & EXPLAIN your answer showing ALL WORKING.arrow_forwardWhen a chi square analysis is applied to solve a linkage problem,explain why an independent assortment hypothesis is proposed?arrow_forwardThe following results were obtained from a dihybrid cross between two pea plants: 315 plants with round seeds and yellow flowers 101 plants with wrinkled seeds and yellow flowers 108 plants with round seeds and white flowers 32 plants with wrinkled seeds and white flowers Assume that round seeds and yellow flowers are dominant and both parent plants were heterozygous for both traits.arrow_forward
- What genotypes would be expected for the offspring from the following matings? What are the phenotypic ratios for each cross? Explain how you came up with this ratio?arrow_forwardYou crossed two true-breeding lines of violet-flowered and white-flowered peas. Is it possible to establish a true-breeding line of the genotype found in the offspring of your cross? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIn corn, a pair of genes determines leaf shape and another pair determines pollen shape. A ragged-leafed plant with round-pollen was crossed to a ragged-leaf plant with angular pollen, and the resultant progeny were classified as follows: 186 ragged-leaf round-pollen 174 ragged-leaf angular pollen 57 smooth-leaf round pollen 63 smooth-leaf angular-pollen provide your hypothesis of the genotypes for the two parents. According to your hypothesis, what numbers would you have expected for each of the four classes of progeny? Follow the format of the number with the phenotypes in the question above. Test your hypothesis statistically using the chi-square method and indicate whether you accept or reject your hypothesis. Show your solutions.arrow_forward
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