Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.102P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula and molecular mass of ammonium sulfate are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The molecular formula of a compound is a representation which suggests the total number of atoms of each element the compound is made of.

The molecular mass of a compound is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in it.

The general formula to calculate the molecular mass of a compound is,

Molecular mass of the compound=[Σ(number of atoms of the element)(atomic mass of the element)] (1)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.102P

The molecular formula for ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4. Its molecular mass is 132.14 amu.

Explanation of Solution

Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions. The formula for the sulfate ion is SO42. The sulfate ion carries a charge of 2. The charge on an ammonium ion is NH4+. To balance the 2 charge on the sulfate ion, the sulfate ion combines with two ammonium ions, each carrying a charge of +1.

While naming compounds containing polyatomic ions, when two or more of the same polyatomic ion are present, the ion appears in parentheses. The total number of the polyatomic ion is written as a subscript outside the parentheses.

In ammonium sulfate, two ammonium polyatomic ions associate with one sulfate polyatomic ion. Hence the molecular formula becomes (NH4)2SO4.

The formula to calculate the molecular mass of (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate) is,

Molecular mass=[(2)(atomic mass of nitrogen)+(8)(atomic mass of hydrogen)+(1)(atomic mass of sulphur)+(4)(atomic mass of oxygen)] (2)

Substitute 14.01 amu for the atomic mass of nitrogen, 1.008 amu for the atomic mass of hydrogen, 32.06 amu for the atomic mass of sulfur and 16 amu for the atomic mass of oxygen in equation (2).

Molecular mass=[(2)(14.01 amu)+(8)(1.008 amu)+(1)(32.06 amu)+(4)(16 amu)]=28.02 amu+8.064 amu+32.06 amu+64 amu=132.14 amu

Conclusion

The molecular formula for ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4. Its molecular mass is 132.14 amu.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula and molecular mass of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are to be determined

Concept introduction:

The molecular formula of a compound is a representation which suggests the total number of atoms of each element the compound is made of.

The molecular mass of a compound is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in it.

The general formula to calculate the molecular mass of a compound is,

Molecular mass of the compound=[Σ(number of atoms of the element)(atomic mass of the element)] (1)

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.102P

The molecular formula for sodium dihydrogen phosphate is NaH2PO4. Its molecular mass is 119.98 amu.

Explanation of Solution

Phosphate is a polyatomic ion. The formula for the phosphate ion is PO43. The phosphate ion carries a charge of 3. When a H+ ion adds to the phosphate ion, it loses a negative charge and the residue charge on the resultant polyatomic ion HPO42(hydrogen phosphate) is 2. The addition of another H+ ion to the hydrogen phosphate creates the polyatomic ion dihydrogen phosphate H2PO4 with a 1 charge on it as follows:

2H++PO43H2PO4

Sodium belongs to the 1A(1) group in the periodic table and hence loses one electron to form Na+(sodium ion). To balance the 1 charge on the dihydrogen phosphate ion, the ion combines with one sodium ion carrying +1 charge.

Hence the molecular formula for sodium dihydrogen phosphate becomes NaH2PO4.

The formula to calculate the molecular mass of NaH2PO4 (sodium dihydrogen phosphate) is,

Molecular mass=[(1)(atomic mass of sodium)+(2)(atomic mass of hydrogen)+(1)(atomic mass of phosphorus)+(4)(atomic mass of oxygen)] (3)

Substitute 22.99 amu for the atomic mass of sodium, 1.008 amu for the atomic mass of hydrogen, 30.97 amu for the atomic mass of phosphorus and 16 amu for the atomic mass of oxygen in equation (3).

Molecular mass=[(1)(22.99 amu)+(2)(1.008 amu)+(1)(30.97 amu)+(4)(16 amu)]=22.99 amu+2.016 amu+30.97 amu+64 amu=119.98 amu

Conclusion

The molecular formula for sodium dihydrogen phosphate is NaH2PO4. Its molecular mass is 119.98 amu.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formula and molecular mass of potassium bicarbonate are to be determined

Concept introduction:

The molecular formula of a compound is a representation which suggests the total number of atoms of each element the compound is made of.

The molecular mass of a compound is defined as the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in it.

The general formula to calculate the molecular mass of a compound is,

Molecular mass of the compound=[Σ(number of atoms of the element)(atomic mass of the element)] (1)

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.102P

The molecular formula for potassium bicarbonate is KHCO3. Its molecular mass is 100.12 amu.

Explanation of Solution

Carbonate is a polyatomic ion. The formula for the carbonate ion is CO32. The carbonate ion carries a charge of 2. When a H+ ion adds to the carbonate ion, it loses a negative charge and the residue charge on the resultant polyatomic ion HCO3(bicarbonate) is 1. The reaction is as follows:

H++CO32HCO3

Potassium belongs to the 1A(1) group in the periodic table and hence loses one electron to form K+(potassium ion). To balance the 1 charge on the bicarbonate ion, the ion combines with one potassium ion carrying +1 charge.

Hence the molecular formula for potassium bicarbonate becomes KHCO3.

The formula to calculate the molecular mass of KHCO3 (potassium bicarbonate) is,

Molecular mass=[(1)(atomic mass of potassium)+(1)(atomic mass of hydrogen)+(1)(atomic mass of carbon)+(3)(atomic mass of oxygen)] (4)

Substitute 39.10 amu for the atomic mass of potassium, 1.008 amu for the atomic mass of hydrogen, 12.01 amu for the atomic mass of carbon and 16 amu for the atomic mass of oxygen in equation (4).

Molecular mass=[(1)(39.10 amu)+(1)(1.008 amu)+(1)(12.01 amu)+(3)(16 amu)]=39.10 amu+1.008 amu+12.01 amu+48 amu=100.12 amu

Conclusion

The molecular formula for potassium bicarbonate is KHCO3. Its molecular mass is 100.12 amu.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 2.5 - Prob. B2.1PCh. 2.5 - Prob. B2.2PCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2.6AFPCh. 2.6 - Prob. 2.6BFPCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2.7AFPCh. 2.7 - Prob. 2.7BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.8AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.8BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.9AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.9BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.10AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.10BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.11AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.11BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.12BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.13AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.13BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.14AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.14BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.15AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.15BFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.16AFPCh. 2.8 - Prob. 2.16BFPCh. 2.8 - Determine the name, formula, and molecular (or...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.17BFPCh. 2.9 - Prob. B2.3PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.1PCh. 2 - List two differences between a compound and a...Ch. 2 - Which of the following are pure substances?...Ch. 2 - Classify each substance in Problem 2.3 as an...Ch. 2 - Explain the following statement: The smallest...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.6PCh. 2 - Can the relative amounts of the components of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.8PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.9PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.10PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.11PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.12PCh. 2 - In our modern view of matter and energy, is the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.14PCh. 2 - Which of the following scenes illustrate(s) the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.16PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.17PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.18PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.19PCh. 2 - Fluorite, a mineral of calcium, is a compound of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.21PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.22PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.23PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.24PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.25PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.26PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.27PCh. 2 - Dolomite is a carbonate of magnesium and calcium....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.29PCh. 2 - Which of Dalton’s postulates about atoms are...Ch. 2 - Use Dalton’s theory to explain why potassium...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.32PCh. 2 - The following charges on individual oil droplets...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.34PCh. 2 - When Rutherford’s coworkers bombarded gold foil...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.36PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.37PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.38PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.39PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.41PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.42PCh. 2 - Write the notation for each atomic depiction: Ch. 2 - Write the notation for each atomic depiction: Ch. 2 - Draw atomic depictions similar to those in Problem...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.46PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.47PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.48PCh. 2 - Chlorine has two naturally occurring isotopes,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.50PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.51PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.52PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.53PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.54PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.55PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.56PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.57PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.58PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.59PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.60PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.61PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.62PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.63PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.64PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.65PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.66PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.67PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.68PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.69PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.70PCh. 2 - What monatomic ions would you expect radium (Z =...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.72PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.73PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.74PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.75PCh. 2 - The radii of the sodium and potassium ions are 102...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.77PCh. 2 - What information about the relative numbers of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.79PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.80PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.81PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.82PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.83PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.84PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.85PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.86PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.87PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.88PCh. 2 - Give the systematic names for the formulas or the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.90PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.91PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.92PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.93PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.94PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.95PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.96PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.97PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.98PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.99PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.100PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.101PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.102PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.103PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.104PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.105PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.106PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.107PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.108PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.109PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.110PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.111PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.112PCh. 2 - What is the difference between a homogeneous and a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.114PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.115PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.116PCh. 2 - Which separation method is operating in each of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.118PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.119PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.120PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.121PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.122PCh. 2 - Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, formed from the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.124PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.125PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.126PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.127PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.128PCh. 2 - The following scenes represent a mixture of two...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.130PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.131PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.132PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.133PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.134PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.135PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.136PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.137PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.138PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.139PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.140PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.141PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.142PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.143PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.144P
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