Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.140P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 144Sm is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atoms are neutral in nature. They consist of even smaller particles namely, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge on them. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge in them. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus in the atoms whereas the electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The general representation for an atom is given as ZAX. Here, A is a mass number and Z is the atomic number of an atom.

The superscript in the formula of elements or atoms is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. The subscript in the formula represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element or atom is the number of protons in that element or atom. The difference between the mass number and the number of protons gives the number of neutrons.

The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is,

  Total number of neutrons(N)=[Mass number(A)Total number of protons(Z)]        (1)

The expression to calculate the ratio of (NZ) is as follows:

  NZ=Total number of neutronsTotal number of proton        (2)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.140P

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 144Sm is 1.3.

Explanation of Solution

In S62144m atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of 144Sm an atom is 62. Thus, the number of protons in S62144m is 62.

Substitute 144 for the mass number and 62 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in S62144m.

  Total number of neutrons=14462=82

Substitute 82 for a total number of neutrons and 62 for the total number of protons in the equation (2).

  NZ=8262=1.3.

Conclusion

The value of (NZ) for 144Sm is 1.3.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 56Fe is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atoms are neutral in nature. They consist of even smaller particles namely, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge on them. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge in them. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus in the atoms whereas the electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The general representation for an atom is given as ZAX. Here, A is a mass number and Z is the atomic number of an atom.

The superscript in the formula of elements or atoms is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. The subscript in the formula represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element or atom is the number of protons in that element or atom. The difference between the mass number and the number of protons gives the number of neutrons.

The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is,

  Total number of neutrons(N)=[Mass number(A)Total number of protons(Z)]        (1)

The expression to calculate the ratio of (NZ) is as follows:

  NZ=Total number of neutronsTotal number of proton        (2)

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.140P

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 56Fe is 1.2.

Explanation of Solution

In F2656e atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of F2656e is 26. Thus, the number of protons is 26.

Substitute 56 for the mass number and 26 for the total number of protons in equation (1).

  Total number of neutrons=5626=30

Substitute 30 for a total number of neutrons and 26 for a total number of protons in the equation (2).

  NZ=3026=1.2.

Conclusion

The value of (NZ) for 56Fe is 1.2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 20Ne is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atoms are neutral in nature. They consist of even smaller particles namely, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge on them. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge in them. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus in the atoms whereas the electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The general representation for an atom is given as ZAX. Here, A is a mass number and Z is the atomic number of an atom.

The superscript in the formula of elements or atoms is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. The subscript in the formula represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element or atom is the number of protons in that element or atom. The difference between the mass number and the number of protons gives the number of neutrons.

The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is,

  Total number of neutrons(N)=[Mass number(A)Total number of protons(Z)]        (1)

The expression to calculate the ratio of (NZ) is as follows:

  NZ=Total number of neutronsTotal number of proton        (2)

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.140P

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 20Ne is 1.0.

Explanation of Solution

In N1020e atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of N1020e is 10. Thus, the number of protons is 10.

Substitute 20 for the mass number and 10 for the total number of protons in equation (1).

  Total number of neutrons=2010=10

Substitute 10 for a total number of neutrons and 10 for a total number of protons in the equation (2).

  NZ=1010=1.

Conclusion

The value of (NZ) for 20Ne is 1.0.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 107Ag is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atoms are neutral in nature. They consist of even smaller particles namely, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge on them. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge in them. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus in the atoms whereas the electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The general representation for an atom is given as ZAX. Here, A is a mass number and Z is the atomic number of an atom.

The superscript in the formula of elements or atoms is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. The subscript in the formula represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element or atom is the number of protons in that element or atom. The difference between the mass number and the number of protons gives the number of neutrons.

The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is,

  Total number of neutrons(N)=[Mass number(A)Total number of protons(Z)]        (1)

The expression to calculate the ratio of (NZ) is as follows:

  NZ=Total number of neutronsTotal number of proton        (2)

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.140P

The ratio of the number of neutrons to a number of proton for 107Ag is 1.3.

Explanation of Solution

In A47107g atoms, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of A47107g is 47. Thus, the number of protons is 47.

Substitute 107 for the mass number and 47 for the total number of protons in equation (1).

  Total number of neutrons=10747=60

Substitute 60 for a total number of neutrons and 47 for the total number of protons in the equation (2).

  NZ=6047=1.3.

Conclusion

The value of (NZ) for 107Ag is 1.3.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of neutrons, proton, and electron in 234U, 238U, 214Pb, 210Pb and 206Pb is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atoms are neutral in nature. They consist of even smaller particles namely, protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge on them. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge in them. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus in the atoms whereas the electrons revolve around the nucleus.

The general representation for an atom is given as ZAX. Here, A is a mass number and Z is the atomic number of an atom.

The superscript in the formula of elements or atoms is the mass number. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom. The subscript in the formula represents the atomic number. The atomic number of an element or atom is the number of protons in that element or atom. The difference between the mass number and the number of protons gives the number of neutrons.

The formula to calculate the number of neutrons is,

  Total number of neutrons(N)=[Mass number(A)Total number of protons(Z)]        (1)

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 2.140P

The number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in 234U, 238U, 214Pb, 210Pb and 206Pb are as follows:

IsotopeNeutronsProtonsElectrons234U1469292238U1429292214Pb1328282210Pb1288282206Pb1248282

Explanation of Solution

In U92238 atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of U92238 is 92. Thus, the number of protons is 92. In neutral atom number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, therefore, the number of electrons is 92.

Substitute 238 for the mass number and 92 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in U92238.

  Total number of neutrons=23892=146

In U92234 atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of U92234 is 92. Thus, the number of protons is 92 and the number of electrons is also 92.

Substitute 234 for the mass number and 92 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in U92234.

  Total number of neutrons=23492=142

In P82214b atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of this atom is 82. Thus, the number of protons is 82 and the number of electrons is also 82.

Substitute 214 for the mass number and 82 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in P82214b.

  Total number of neutrons=21482=132

In P82210b atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of this atom is 82. Thus, the number of protons is 82 and the number of electrons is also 82.

Substitute 210 for the mass number and 82 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in P82210b.

  Total number of neutrons=21082=128

In P82206b atom, the number of protons and electrons is the same since the atom is a neutral species. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons. The atomic number of this atom is 82. Thus, a number of protons is 82 and the number of electrons is 82.

Substitute 206 for the mass number and 82 for the total number of protons in equation (1) to calculate the number of neutrons in P82206b.

  Total number of neutrons=20682=124.

Conclusion

Isotopes are the atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

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