Chapter 2, Problem 2.45AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol should be identified when the isotope contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

Concept introduction:

Atom:

Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons.

Isotope:

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number whereas protons number is same. Isotopes are same atomic number but different in the mass number.

The element symbol, atomic number and mass number can be written as follows,

${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}X$

A is Mass number (The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom) and it is written in the superscript.

Z is atomic number of the element and it is written in subscript.

X is the symbol of the element

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol should be identified when the isotope contains 19 protons and 39 mass number.

Concept introduction:

Atom:

Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons.

Isotope:

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number whereas protons number is same. Isotopes are same atomic number but different in the mass number.

The element symbol, atomic number and mass number can be written as follows,

${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}X$

A is Mass number (The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom) and it is written in the superscript.

Z is atomic number of the element and it is written in subscript.

X is the symbol of the element

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol should be identified when the isotope contains 10 electrons and 20 mass number.

Concept introduction:

Atom:

Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons.

Isotope:

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number whereas protons number is same. Isotopes are same atomic number but different in the mass number.

The element symbol, atomic number and mass number can be written as follows,

${}_{\text{Z}}^{\text{A}}X$

A is Mass number (The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom) and it is written in the superscript.

Z is atomic number of the element and it is written in subscript.

X is the symbol of the element