Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Bond angle at central atom for
Concept Introduction:
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model predicts shape by inclusion of bond angles and most distant arrangement of atoms that leads to minimum repulsion. For the molecules that have no lone pairs around the central atom the bonded-atom unshared -pair arrangement is decided by the table as follows:
In order to determine the shape the steps to be followed are indicated as follows:
- 1. Lewis structure of molecule should be written.
- 2. The type electron arrangement around the central atom should be identified around the central atom. This essentially refers to determination of bond pairs and unshared or lone pairs around central atoms.
- 3. Then bonded-atom unshared -pair arrangement that can maximize the distance of electron pairs about central atom determines the shape.
For molecules that have lone pairs around central atom, lone pairs influence shape, because there are no atoms at the positions occupied by these lone pairs. The key rule that governs the molecular shape, in this case, is the extent of lone –lone pair repulsions are far greater than lone bond pair or bond pair-bond pair repulsions. The table that summarized the molecular shapes possible for various combinations of bonded and lone pairs are given as follows:
(a)
Answer to Problem 2E.18E
In
Explanation of Solution
Total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons on each atom in
The skeleton structure in
These 8 electron pairs are allotted as lone pairs to satisfy respective octets. Hence, the Lewis structure in
It is evident that
(b)
Interpretation:
Bond angle at central atom for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(b)
Answer to Problem 2E.18E
In
Explanation of Solution
Total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons on each atom in
The skeleton structure in
These 8 electron pairs are allotted as one multiple bond and rest as lone pairs to satisfy respective octets. Hence, the Lewis structure in
It is evident that
(c)
Interpretation:
Bond angle at central atom for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Answer to Problem 2E.18E
In
Explanation of Solution
Thus total valence electrons is sum of the valence electrons on each atom along with charge in
The skeleton structure in
These 7 electron pairs are allotted multiple bonds or lone pairs to satisfy respective octets. Hence, the Lewis structure and bond angle in
It is evident that
(d)
Interpretation:
Bond angle at central atom for
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Answer to Problem 2E.18E
Bond angle in
Explanation of Solution
Total valence electrons are sum of the valence electrons on atom in
The skeleton structure in
These 8 electron pairs are allotted as lone pairs to satisfy the respective octets. Hence, the Lewis structure in
It is evident that in
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Chapter 2 Solutions
SAPLINGPLUS ACCESS CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
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