Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 33P
Recall that Mendel obtained pure-breeding with either long or short stems and those hybrids had long stems (Fig. 2.8). Monohybrid crosses produced in F2 generation with a 3:1 ratio of long stems to short stems, indicating that this difference in stem length is governed by a single gene. The gene that likely controlled this trait in Mendel’s plants has been discovered, and it specifies an enzyme called G3βH, which catalyze the reaction shown in the accompanying figure. The product of the reaction, gibberellins, is a growth hormone that makes plants grows tall. What is the most likely hypothesis to explain the difference between the dominant allele (L) and recessive allele (l)?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
You self-fertilize an F1 plant to produce the F2 generation. Based on Mendelian principles of inheritance, what fraction of the F2 generation do you expect to be short with round, green seeds? HINT: Solving this problem will require a very large Punnett square (8 x 8), but you can easily solve it using the Multiplication Rule
Assume that plant weight is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two independently assorting loci (A and a, B and b) that are additive in their effects. Further assume that each allele represented by an uppercase letter contributes 4 g to weight and that each allele represented by a lowercase letter contributes 1 g to weight. a. If a plant with genotype AA BB is crossed with a plant with genotype aa bb, what weights are expected in the F1 progeny? b. What is the distribution of weight expected in the F2 progeny?
Mendel crossed two Pea plants for plant height and flower color Tall plant (T) is dominant to Short Plant (t). Purple Flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). Using the following information perform the dihybrid cross using punnett squares that will predict all possible genotypes of the offspring and list the number and description of the phenotypes of the offspring. A. One plant homozygous dominant for plant height and flower color crossed with another plant homozygous recessive for plant height and heterozygous for flower color.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 2 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 2 - During the millennia in which selective breeding...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of the garden pea...Ch. 2 - An albino corn snake is crossed with a...Ch. 2 - Two short-haired cats mate and produce six...Ch. 2 - Piebald spotting is a condition found in humans in...Ch. 2 - As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep...Ch. 2 - A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to...Ch. 2 - In a particular population of mice, certain...Ch. 2 - In humans, a dimple in the chin is a dominant...
Ch. 2 - Some inbred strains of the weedy plant Arabidopsis...Ch. 2 - Among Native Americans, two types of earwax...Ch. 2 - Imagine you have just purchased a black stallion...Ch. 2 - If you roll a die singular of dice, what is the...Ch. 2 - In a standard deck of playing cards, four suits...Ch. 2 - How many genetically different eggs could be...Ch. 2 - What is the probability of producing a child that...Ch. 2 - A mouse sperm of genotype a B C D E fertilizes an...Ch. 2 - Your friend is pregnant with triplets. She thinks...Ch. 2 - Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is...Ch. 2 - Albinism is a condition in which pigmentation is...Ch. 2 - A cross between two pea plants, both of which grew...Ch. 2 - A third-grader decided to breed guinea pigs for...Ch. 2 - The self-fertilization of an pea plant produced...Ch. 2 - The achoo syndrome sneezing in response to bright...Ch. 2 - A pea plant from a pure-breeding strain that is...Ch. 2 - The following table shows the results of different...Ch. 2 - A pea plant heterozygous for plant height, pod...Ch. 2 - In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the...Ch. 2 - Based on the information you discovered in the...Ch. 2 - Considering the yellow and green pea color...Ch. 2 - What would have been the outcome the genotypic and...Ch. 2 - Recall that Mendel obtained pure-breeding with...Ch. 2 - The gene that likely controlled flower color...Ch. 2 - For each of the following human pedigrees,...Ch. 2 - Consider the pedigree that follows for cutis laxa,...Ch. 2 - A young couple went to see a genetic counselor...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare fatal, degenerative...Ch. 2 - Is the disease shown in the following pedigree...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington...Ch. 2 - Consider the cystic fibrosis pedigree in Figure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - People with nail-patella syndrome have poorly...Ch. 2 - Midphalangeal hair hair on top of the middle...Ch. 2 - A man with Huntington disease he is heterozygous...Ch. 2 - Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis CF...Ch. 2 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Mendel crossed peas having round seeds and yellow cotyledons (seed leaves) with peas having wrinkled seeds and green cotyledons. All the F1 plants had round seeds with yellow cotyledons. Diagram this cross through the F2 generation, using both the Punnett square and forked-line, or branch diagram, methods.arrow_forwardIn classical Mendelian genetics, how can one check the genotype of a parent (A) expressing the characters of a dominant allele? Select one: a. By performing a back cross with a recessive homozygote parent (B). If the A parent is homozygote for the dominant allele, then all the individuals from the F1 will display the dominant character. If the parent A was, instead, a heterozygote, then 50% of the F1 progeny will express the recessive character (homozygote recessive) and 50% the dominant one (heterozygotes). b. It is impossible to check such genotype without using specific molecular assays. c. By performing a back cross with a dominant homozygote parent (B). If the A parent is homozygote for the dominant allele, then all the individuals from the F1 will display the dominant character.arrow_forwardLeaf coloration in the four-o'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa, was one of the first examples of extranuclear inheritance. Leaves may be green, white or variegated. If ovules from a white-leafed branch are pollinated with pollen from a green-leafed branch, what phenotypes will be observed in the progeny? A. all green-leafed progeny B. white-, green- and variegated-leafed progeny C. white- and green-leafed progeny D. all white-leafed progenyarrow_forward
- A homozygous strain of corn that produces yellow kernels is crossed with another homozygous strain that produces purple kernels. When the F1 are interbred, 197 of the F2 are yellow and 153 are prurple. Give the genotypes of the yellow and purple F2 and propose a genetic model that explains the inheritance of these kernel colors in corn.arrow_forwardAssume that plant height is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two loci (A and a, B and b) that are additive in their effects. Further assume that each allele represented by an uppercase letter contributes 6 feet to height and that each allele represented by a lowercase letter contributes 2 foot to height. If a plant with genotype Aabb is crossed to a plant with genotype aaBb, what heights are expected in the progeny? 1/216ft : 1/2 12ft 1/4 16ft : 1/2 12ft : 1/4 8ft 1/4 20ft : 1/2 16ft : 1/4 12ft 1/4 24ft : 1/2 20ft : 1/4 16ft 1/2 20ft : 1/2 16ftarrow_forwardMendel found that three traits in peas—height, flower color, and pod shape—are determined by different genes, and that these genes assort independently. Suppose that true-bred tall plants with violet flowers and inflated pods are crossed to true-bred dwarf plants with white flower and constricted pods. All the plants in the F1 generation are tall, with violet flowers and inflated pods. If these F1 plants are self-fertilized, what fraction of their offspring are expected to … a.)show all three dominant phenotypes? b.)be tall with white flowers and constricted pods?arrow_forward
- Mendel obtained his initial pea plant varieties from local breeders who were developing new varieties that might be useful or interesting. To generate these new varieties, breeders formed hybrids between existing varieties of different phenotypic characteristics by cross pollination, using techniques they doubtless taught to Mendel. After producing a hybrid, they allowed several generations of self-pollination, as happens naturally if the flowers are not disturbed. a. What if a breeder were working with 7 different, independently segregating genes, as Mendel did? How many generations would it take him to have pure-breeding varieties, starting from an F1 hybrid that is heterozygous for all 7 genes? i. What is the probability that an individual in the F2 generation would be pure-breeding (i.e. is homozygous at all 7 loci)? [Hint: this is an “and” calculation since it must be homozygous at each of the 7 loci. ii. What is the probability that an individual in the F3 generation would…arrow_forwardAssume the height in a particular plant is determined by two pairs of unlinked polygenes,each effective allele contributes 5cm to a base height of 10cm. What are the heights of each parent and what height is to be expected in the F1 if there are no environmental effects?arrow_forwardMendel describes subjecting each of the 34 varieties of peas he obtained to a two-year trial. During this time he let the plants self-fertilize and observed their offspring. What was he looking for, and what was the purpose of doing this two-year trial? Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1arrow_forward
- When Gregor Mendel performed his breeding experiments on pea plants, he discovered that tallness in the plants is inherited through a simple dominant trait (coded "T") with shortness as the recessive trait (coded "t"). Imagine that Mendel bred a homozygous dominant pea plant with a pea plant heterozygous for tallness. Draw a Punnett Square to help you answer this question and the next one: In the 1st generation of offspring, we expect the genotypes (for tallness) to include… a) 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous b) 100% heterozygous c) 50% tall, 50% short d) 100% tall e) None of the abovearrow_forwardWhen Gregor Mendel performed his breeding experiments on pea plants, he discovered that tallness in the plants is inherited through a simple dominant trait (coded "T") with shortness as the recessive trait (coded "t"). Imagine that Mendel bred a homozygous dominant pea plant with a pea plant heterozygous for tallness. Draw a Punnett Square to help you answer this question and the next one: In the 1st generation of offspring, we expect the phenotypes (for tallness) to include… a) 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous b) 100% heterozygous c) 50% tall, 50% short d) 100% tall e) None of the abovearrow_forwardAssume that smooth seed coats are dominant over rough seed coat. If two pea plants that are both Heterozygous for seed coats are crossed, what do you expect in the offspring (the f1 generation)? Specifically, what genotypes, what phenotypes, and in what ratios? (Use S for the smooth seed coat and s for the rough seed coat.) (Again, it is helpful to write out all the possible genotypes and give the phenotype for each genotype before answering the specific question.) Be careful in writing capital S and lower case.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
How to solve genetics probability problems; Author: Shomu's Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0yjfb1ooUs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Beyond Mendelian Genetics: Complex Patterns of Inheritance; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EmvmBuK-B8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY