Chapter 2, Problem 7A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: By taking the reference of the fact 99% volume of the sample is empty properties of gaseous substance should be compared with properties of liquid and solid.

Concept introduction: Solids have strong intermolecular forces, and the constituent particles are closely packed. Liquids have stronger intermolecular forces than gases but weaker than solids. In gases, the intermolecular forces are extremely weak or can be considered negligible.

Answer to Problem 7A

Order of intermolecular force: $\text{solid}>\text{liquid}>\text{gas}$ .

And hence, order of their occupation of volume: $\text{gas}>\text{liquid}>\text{solid}$ .

Explanation of Solution

In gas, distances between particles are large and attractive is very weak so they move freely. It does not have either a defined shape or a defined volume. On the other hand, solids and liquids are tightly packed as compared to gases. In solids, the particles are restricted and not free to move. Liquid take the shape of the container in which it is placed. In liquids, the movement of particles it possible but due to higher density than gases, the volume remains the same.

Conclusion

Order of intermolecular force is $\text{solid}>\text{liquid}>\text{gas}$ .

And hence, order of their occupation of volume is $\text{gas}>\text{liquid}>\text{solid}$ .