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Hydrogen gas is prepared in a lab experiment. In this experiment, 18.00 g of aluminum metal are mixed with 25 mL of HCl
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Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
- Copper: (a) Suppose you have a cube of copper metal that is 0.236 cm on a side with a mass of 0.1206 g. If you know that each copper atom (radius = 128 pm) has a mass of 1.055 1022 g (you will learn in Chapter 2 how to find the mass of one atom), how many atoms are there in this cube? What fraction of the cube is filled with atoms? (Or conversely, how much of the lattice is empty space?) Why is there empty space in the lattice? (b) Now look at the smallest, repeating unit of the crystal lattice of copper. Knowing that an edge of this cube is 361.47 pm and the density of copper is 8.960 g/cm3, calculate the number of copper atoms in this smallest, repeating unit.arrow_forwardA materials engineer has filed for a patent for a new alloy to be used in golf club heads. The composition by mass ranges from 25 to 31% manganese, 6.3 to 7.8% aluminum, 0.65 to 0.85% carbon, and 5.5 to 9.0% chromium, with the remainder being iron. What are the maximum and minimum percentages of iron possible in this alloy? Use Figure 2.12 to snake a prediction about how the density of this alloy would compare with that of iron; justify your prediction.arrow_forwardIn the opening scenes of the movie Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones tries to remove a gold idol from a booby-trapped pedestal. He replaces the idol with a bag of sand of approximately equal volume. (Density of gold = 19.32 g/cm3; density of sand 2 g/cm3.) a. Did he have a reasonable chance of not activating the mass-sensitive booby trap? b. In a later scene, he and an unscrupulous guide play catch with the idol. Assume that the volume of the idol is about 1.0 L. If it were solid gold, what mass would the idol have? Is playing catch with it plausible?arrow_forward
- On October 21, 1982, the Bureau of the Mint changed the composition of pennies (see Exercise 120). Instead of an alloy of 95% Cu and 5% Zn by mass, a core of 99.2% Zn and 0.8% Cu with a thin shell of copper was adopted. The overall composition of the new penny was 97.6% Zn and 2.4% Cu by mass. Does this account for the difference in mass among die pennies in Exercise 120? Assume the volume of the individual metals that make up each penny can be added together to give the overall volume of the penny, and assume each penny is the same size. (Density of Cu = 8.96 g/cm3; density of Zn = 7.14 g/cm3).arrow_forwardWhich of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.arrow_forwardThe properties of a mixture are typically averages of the properties of its components. The properties of a compound may differ dramatically from the properties of the elements that combine to produce the compound. For each process described below, state whether the material being discussed is most likely a mixture or a compound, and state whether the process is a chemical change or a physical change. a. An orange liquid is distilled, resulting in the collection of a yellow liquid and a red solid. b. A colorless, crystalline solid is decomposed, yielding a pale yellow-green gas and a soft, shiny metal. c. A cup of tea becomes sweeter as sugar is added to it.arrow_forward
- Which part of the description of a compound or element refers to its physical properties and which to its chemical properties? Calcium carbonate is a white solid with a density of 2.71 g/cm3 . It reacts readily with an acid to produce gaseous carbon dioxide. Gray powdered zinc metal reacts with purple iodine to give a white compoundarrow_forwardA flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid?arrow_forwardThe use of freons is being phased out because of the damage these compounds do to the stratospheric ozone layer. One of the freons, CCl2F2, is manufactured from carbon tetrachloride and hydrogen fluoride. a. If a manufacturer wishes to convert 179 kg of carbon tetrachloride into CCl2F2, what is the minimum mass (in kg) of hydrogen fluoride required? b. What is the mass of CCl2F2 will be obtained if this reaction is 100 % efficient? c. What is the mass of HCl will be obtained if this reaction is 100 % efficient?arrow_forward
- Crime scene investigators keep a wide variety of compounds on hand to help with identifying unknown substances they find in the course of their duties. One such investigator, while reorganizing their shelves, has mixed up several small vials and is unsure about the identity of a certain powder. Elemental analysis of the compound reveals that it is 63.5763.57% carbon, 6.0006.000% hydrogen, 9.2679.267% nitrogen, and 21.1721.17% oxygen by mass. Which of the compounds could the powder be?arrow_forwardWhen 89.329 g of an irregularly shaped sample of cobalt was placed in a container and filled to the 25.00 mL mark with ethyl alcohol, the combined mass of the cobalt and ethyl alcohol was 105.9979 g. What is the density of this element, if the density of the ethyl alcohol is 1.114 g/mL? Assume the volumes are additive.arrow_forwardGive the names of the elements represented by thechemical symbols Li, F, P, Cu, As, Zn, Cl, Pt, Mg, U,Al, Si, Ne (see the table inside the front cover).arrow_forward
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