Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The stronger base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.
(b)
Interpretation:
The stronger base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Size affecting the stability of the base: In order to determine the strength of the base, the size of an atom overrides electronegativity. As the atoms get larger and the stability of the anions increases even though the electronegativity of the atoms decreases. Stability of the bases increases going down the group. Stable bases are weak bases.
(c)
Interpretation:
The stronger base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is
(d)
Interpretation:
The stronger base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Electronegativity depends on the acidity of a species. Order of electronegativity of hybridization is
(e)
Interpretation:
The strongest base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Effect of Inductive electron withdrawal on Acidity: Replacing a Hydrogen with an electronegative substituent pulls bonding electrons toward itself; increases the strength of the acid.
(f)
Interpretation:
The strongest base between
Concept introduction:
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
If an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base. Weak base forms stronger conjugated acid.
Electronegativity: The chemical behavior of an atom where it attracts the shared electron pair to itself. Down the group, electronegativity decreases as the number of energy levels increases.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
- . A strong acid has a weak conjugate base, whereas a weak acid has a relatively strong conjugate base. Explain.arrow_forwardFor the previous four questions, label each molecule that appears in the question or your answer asstrong acid, strong base, weak acid, or weak base.arrow_forwardWhich base, CH3NH2 or (CH3)2NH, is the stronger base? Which conjugate acid, (CH3)2NH2+ or (CH3)2NH3+, is the stronger acid?arrow_forward
- a.Draw the conjugate acid of each base: NH3, Cl−, (CH3)2C=O b. Draw the conjugate base of each acid: HBr, HSO4−, CH3OH.arrow_forwarda. Draw the conjugate acid of each base: NH3, Cl−, (CH3)2C=O. b. Draw the conjugate base of each acid: HBr, HSO4−, CH3OH.arrow_forwardWhen mixing formic acid and ammonia together, which direction will be favored at equilibrium? HCOOH (aq) + NH3 (aq) <--> HCOO-1 (aq) + NH4+ (aq)arrow_forward
- Pick the stronger base from each pair.a. F- or Clb.NO2- or NO3-c. F- or ClO-arrow_forwardA relatively strong acid will have a Group of answer choices a.- smaller value of Ka and a larger value of pKa b.- smaller value of Ka and a smaller value of pKa c.- larger value of Ka and a smaller value of pKa d.- larger value of Ka and a larger value of pKa e.- none of the listedarrow_forwardMatch each species with its correct description. fluoride (F-) water (H2O) ammonia (NH3) hydrogen sulfate (HSO4-) nitric acid (HNO3) methylaminium (CH3NH3+) Answer choices: its conjugate base is OH is the conjugate acid of CH3NH2 is the conjugate base of NO3- its conjugate base is NO3- is the conjugate base of sulfate (SO4 2-) its conjugate base is CH3NH- is the conjugate base of HF is the conjugate acid of NH2- its conjugate acid is H3O+ its conjugate acid is HF+ is the conjugate base of NH4 its conjugate acid is H2SO4arrow_forward
- What is the conjugate base to NH4+ ? Select one: a. NH2 - b. NH2- c. NH3arrow_forwardExplain why a 0.10M solution of NaOH is highly basic while a 0.10M solution of CH3OH is essentially neutral even though both are bases.arrow_forwardConsider the reaction given below and identify the reagent that behave as a base.HSO4-(aq) + HNO2 (aq) → H2NO2+ (aq) + SO42-(aq)(1) HSO4-(2) HNO2(3) there is no base(4) both HSO4- and HNO2arrow_forward
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning