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Iontophoresis is a noninvasive process that transports drugs through the skin without needles. In the photo, the red electrode is positive and the black electrode is negative. The electric field between the electrodes will drive the negatively charged molecules of an anesthetic through the skin. Should the drug be placed at the red or the black electrode? Explain.
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Pearson eText for College Physics: A Strategic Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
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- You are working on a research project in which you must control the direction of travel of electrons using deflection plates. You have devised the apparatus shown in Figure P22.28. The plates are of length = 0.500 m and are separated by a distance d = 3.00 cm. Electrons are fired at vi = 5.00 106 m/s into a uniform electric field from the left edge of the lower, positive plate, aimed directly at the right edge of the upper, negative plate. Therefore, if there is no electric field between the plates, the electrons will follow the broken line in the figure. With an electric field existing between the plates, the electrons will follow a curved path, bending downward. You need to determine (a) the range of angles over which the electron can leave the apparatus and (b) the electric field required to give the maximum possible deviation angle. Figure P22.28arrow_forwardLightning can be studied with a Van de Graaff generator, which consists of a spherical dome on which charge is continuously deposited by a moving belt. Charge can be added until the electric field at the surface of the dome becomes equal to the dielectric strength of air. Any more charge leaks off in sparks as shown in Figure P25.52. Assume the dome has a diameter of 30.0 cm and is surrounded by dry air with a "breakdown" electric field of 3.00 106 V/m. (a) What is the maximum potential of the dome? (b) What is the maximum charge on the dome?arrow_forwardTo form a helium atom, an alpha particle that contains two protons and two neutrons is fixed at one location, and two electrons are brought in from far away, one at a time. The first electron is placed at 0.6001010 m from the alpha particle and held there while the second electron is brought to 0.6001010 m from the alpha particle on the other side from the first electron. See die final configuration below, (a) How much work is done in each step? (b) What is the electrostatic energy of die alpha particle and two electrons in the final configuration?arrow_forward
- Lightning can be studied with a Van de Graaff generator, which consists of a spherical dome on which charge is continuously deposited by a moving belt. Charge can be added until the electric field at the surface of the dome becomes equal to the dielectric strength of air. Any more charge leaks off in sparks as shown in Figure P20.67. Assume the dome has a diameter of 30.0 cm and is surrounded by dry air with a breakdown electric field of 3.00 106 V/m. (a) What is the maximum potential of the dome? (b) What is the maximum charge on the dome? Figure P20.67 David Evison/Shutterstock.comarrow_forwardYou are working for the summer at a research laboratory. Your research director has devised a scheme for holding small charged particles at fixed positions. The scheme is shown in Figure P23.35. A large insulating sphere of radius a carries a total positive charge Q with a uniform volume charge density. A very thin tunnel is drilled through a diameter of the sphere and two small spheres with charge q are placed in the tunnel. These spheres are represented by the blue dots in the figure. They find equilibrium positions at a distance of r on either side of the center of the sphere. Your research director has had great success with this scheme. (a) Determine the specific value of r at which equilibrium exists. (b) Your research director asks you to see if he can extend the system as follows. Determine if it is possible to add transparent plastic tubes as extensions of the tunnel and have the small spheres be in equilibrium at a position for which r a. Figure P23.35arrow_forwardTwo 5.00-nC charged particles are in a uniform electric field with a magnitude of 625 N/C. Each of the particles is moved from point A to point B along two different paths, labeled in Figure P26.65. a. Given the dimensions in the figure, what is the change in the electric potential experienced by the particle that is moved along path 1 (black)? b. What is the change in the electric potential experienced by the particle that is moved along path 2 (red)? c. Is there a path between the points A and B for which the change in the electric potential is different from your answers to parts (a) and (b)? Explain. FIGURE P26.65 Problems 65, 66, and 67.arrow_forward
- (a) Find the potential difference VB required to stop an electron (called a slopping potential) moving with an initial speed of 2.85 107 m/s. (b) Would a proton traveling at the same speed require a greater or lesser magnitude potential difference? Explain. (c) Find a symbolic expression for the ratio of the proton stopping potential and the electron stopping potential, Vp/Ve. The answer should be in terms of the proton mass mp and electron mass me.arrow_forwardEach of the following statements is related to conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. Choose the words that make each statement correct. (i) The net charge is always zero [(a) inside; (b) on] the surface of an isolated conductor. (ii) The electric field is always zero [(c) inside; (d) just outside] a perfect conductor. (iii) The charge density on the surface of an isolated, charged conductor is highest where the surface is [(e) sharpest; (f) smoothest].arrow_forwardEach of the following statements is related to conductors in electrostatic equilibrium. Choose the words that make each statement correct. (i) The net charge is always zero [(a) inside; (b) on] the surface of an isolated conductor. (ii) The electric field is always zero [(c) inside; (d) just outside] a perfect conductor. (iii) The charge density on the surface of an isolated, charged conductor is highest where the surface is [(e) sharpest; (f) smoothest].arrow_forward
- An electroscope is a device used to measure the (relative) charge on an object (Fig. P23.20). The electroscope consists of two metal rods held in an insulated stand. The bent rod is fixed, and the straight rod is attached to the bent rod by a pivot. The straight rod is free to rotate. When a positively charged object is brought close to the electroscope, the straight movable rod rotates. Explain your answers to these questions: a. Why does the rod rotate in Figure P23.20? b. If the positively charged object is removed, what happens to the electroscope? c. If a negatively charged object replaces the positively charged object in Figure P23.20, what happens to the electroscope? d. If a charged object touches the top of the fixed conducting rod and is then removed, what happens to the electroscope?arrow_forwardYou are working for the summer at a research laboratory. Your research director has devised a scheme for holding small charged particles at fixed positions. The scheme is shown in Figure P23.36. An insulating cylinder of radius a and length L a is positively charged and carries a uniform volume charge density . A very thin tunnel is drilled through a diameter of the cylinder and two small spheres with charge q are placed in the tunnel. These spheres are represented by the blue dots in the figure. They find equilibrium positions at a distance of r on opposite sides of the axis of the cylinder. Your research director has had great success with this scheme. (a) Determine the specific value of rat which equilibrium exists. (b) Your research director asks you see if he can extend the system as follows. Determine if it is possible to add transparent plastic tubes as extensions of the tunnel and have the small spheres be in equilibrium at a position for which r a. Figure P23.36arrow_forwardA parallel-plate capacitor in air has a plate separation of 1.50 cm and a plate area of 25.0 cm2. The plates are charged to a potential difference of 250 V and disconnected from the source. The capacitor is then immersed in distilled water. Assume the liquid is an insulator. Determine (a) the charge on the plates before and after immersion, (b) the capacitance and potential difference after immersion, and (c) the change in energy of the capacitor.arrow_forward
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