ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS-W/MOD.ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134452876
Author: KLUG
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 2PDQ
Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 403. Most of these are concerned with the cascade of gene transcription that converts a zygote into an adult organism. Write a short essay outlining the differences and similarities in the gene families used by plants and animals to establish the body axis and to regulate gene expression of these gene sets.
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Discuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?
Explain hoxA3 and HoxD3 genes are nearly equivalent yet they play distinct roles in the development of mouse.
Give examples of genes that affect development in fruit flies by regulating gene expression at the level of (a) transcription and (b) translation.
Chapter 20 Solutions
ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS-W/MOD.ACCESS
Ch. 20 -
CASE STUDY |One foot or another
In humans the...Ch. 20 - CASE STUDY| One foot or another In humans the HOXD...Ch. 20 - CASE STUDY| One foot or another In humans the HOXD...Ch. 20 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 20 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 403. Most...Ch. 20 -
3. Nuclei from almost any source may be injected...Ch. 20 -
4. Distinguish between the syncytial blastoderm...Ch. 20 - (a) What are maternal-effect genes? (b) When are...Ch. 20 - (a) What are zygotic genes, and when are their...Ch. 20 - List the main classes of zygotic genes. What is...
Ch. 20 -
8. Experiments have shown that any nuclei placed...Ch. 20 - How can you determine whether a particular gene is...Ch. 20 -
10. You observe that a particular gene is being...Ch. 20 - What are Hox genes? What properties do they have...Ch. 20 -
12. The homeotic mutation Antennapedia causes...Ch. 20 - The Drosophila homeotic mutation spineless...Ch. 20 - A number of genes that control expression of Hox...Ch. 20 - In Arabidopsis, flower development is controlled...Ch. 20 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 20 - Dominguez et al. (2004) suggest that by studying...
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- Signal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development? A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis. B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path. C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development. D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.arrow_forwardAbsence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads to theabsence of anterior larval body parts and mirror-imageduplication of posterior parts. This is evidence that the productof the bicoid gene(A) normally leads to formation of head structures.(B) normally leads to formation of tail structures.(C) is transcribed in the early embryo.(D) is a protein present in all head structures.arrow_forwardHomeotic genes(A) encode transcription factors that control the expression ofgenes responsible for specific anatomical structures.(B) are found only in Drosophila and other arthropods.(C) are the only genes that contain the homeobox domain.(D) encode proteins that form anatomical structures in the fly.arrow_forward
- In flies, the gap gene kruppel is expressed in a broad band in the middle of the embryo with giant expressed as its anterior border and knirps at its posterior border. How is the expression of kruppel limited to this band in the embryo? Describe the spatial regulation of the kruppel gene.arrow_forwardExplain what a morphogen is, and describe how it exerts its effects. What do you expect will happen when a morphogen is expressed in the wrong place in an embryo? List five examples of morphogens that function in Drosophila.arrow_forwardIt seems that developmental genetics boils down to a complex network of gene regulation. Try to draw a structure of this network for Drosophila. How many genes do you think are necessary to complete the developmental network for the fruit fly? How many genes do you think are needed for a network to specify one segment? Do you think it is more difficult to identify genes that are involved in the beginning, middle, or end of this network? Suppose you were trying to identify all of the genes needed for development in a chicken. Knowing what you know about Drosophila development, would you first try to identify genes necessary for early development, or would you begin by identifying genes involved in cell differentiation?arrow_forward
- Figure 13-7 illustrates the expression of the Ultrabithorax(Ubx) Hox protein in developing flight appendages.What is the relationship between where the protein isexpressed and the phenotype resulting from the loss ofits expression (shown in Figure 13-1)?arrow_forwardThe MyoD gene in mammals plays a role in skeletal muscle-cell differentiation, whereas the Hox genes are homeotic genes that play a role in the differentiation of particular regions of the body. Explain how the functions of these genes are similar and different.arrow_forwardAs shown in Figure 13-26, the Sonic hedgehog gene is expressed in many places in a developing chicken. Is theidentical Sonic hedgehog protein expressed in each tissue? If so, how do the tissues develop into different structures? If not, how are different Sonic hedgehog proteinsproduced?arrow_forward
- Briefly explain the transcriptional regulation of mammalian gene expression? Please explain at your own words.arrow_forwardWhen in fruit fly development does axes development begin? A. in the unfertilized egg stage when maternal effect genes deposit mRNA and proteins in specific locations B. in the early embryo stage when induction signals between neighboring cells identify where the cells are in three-dimensional space C. in the larval stage when body segments appear, and pattern formation is evident D. in the pupal stage when a gradient of morphogens is establishedarrow_forwardCompare and contrast how maternal-effect genes, gap genes, and homeotic genes affect Drosophila development.arrow_forward
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