In three different experiments, the following results were obtained for the reaction A
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY-MOD.MASTERINGCHEM.
- Hydrogen peroxide and the iodide ion react in acidic solution as follows: H2O2(aq)+3I(aq)+2H+(aq)I3(aq)+2H2O(l) The kinetics of this reaction were studied by following the decay of the concentration of H2O2 and constructing plots of ln[H2O2] versus time. All the plots were linear and all solutions had [H2O2]0 = 8.0 104 mol/L. The slopes of these straight lines depended on the initial concentrations of I and H+. The results follow: [I]0 (mol/L) [H+]0 (mol/L) Slope (min1) 0.1000 0.0400 0.120 0.3000 0.0400 0.360 0.4000 0.0400 0.480 0.0750 0.0200 0.0760 0.0750 0.0800 0.118 0.0750 0.1600 0.174 The rate law for this reaction has the form Rate=[H2O2]t=(k1+k2[H+])[I]m[H2O2]n a. Specify the order of this reaction with respect to [H2O2] and [I]. b. Calculate the values of the rate constants, k1 and k2. c. What reason could there be for the two-term dependence of the rate on [H+]?arrow_forwardConsider this scenario and answer the following questions: Chlorine atoms resulting from decomposition of chloro?uoromethanes, such as CCI2F2, catalyze the decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere. One simplified mechanism for the decomposition is: O3sunlightO2+O O3+CIO2+CIO CIO+OCI+O2 (a) Explain why chlorine atoms are catalysts in the gas-phase transformation: 2O33O2 (b) Nitric oxide is also involved in the decomposition of ozone by the mechanism: O3sunlightO2+O O3+NONO2+O2 NO2+ONO+O2 Is NO a catalyst for the decomposition? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe half-life of tritium, 3H, is 12.26 years. Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen. (a) What is the rate constant for the radioactive decay of tritium, in y1 and s1? (b) What percentage of the original tritium is left after 61.3 years?arrow_forward
- 11.44 A possible reaction for the degradation of the pesticide DDT to a less harmful compound was simulated in the laboratory. The reaction was found to be first order, with k = 4.0 X 10_H s"' at 25°C. What is the half-life for the degradation of DDT in this experiment, in years?arrow_forwardA chemist studied the reaction mechanism for the reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) by reacting N16O with 18O2. If the reaction mechanism is NO+O2NO3(fastequilibrium)NO3+NO2NO2(slow) what distribution of 18O would you expect in the NO2? Assume that N is the central atom in NO3, assume only N16O18O2 forms, and assume stoichiometric amounts of reactants are combined.arrow_forwardBacteria cause milk to go sour by generating lactic acid. Devise an experiment that could measure the activation energy for the production of lactic acid by bacteria in milk. Describe how your experiment will provide the information you need to determine this value. What assumptions must be made about this reaction?arrow_forward
- Hydrogen peroxide (H20i) decomposes into water and oxygen: H,O2(aq) — H,O(f) + ^O2(g) Ordinarily this reaction proceeds rather slowly, hut in the presence of some iodide ions (I-), the decomposition is much faster. Ihe decomposition in the presence of iodide was studied at 20°C, and the data were plotted in various ways. Use the graphs below to answer the questions that follow. What is the order of reaction for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide? Find the numerical value of the rate constant at 20°C, including the correct units. Obtain an estimate of the initial rate of reaction in the experiment that produced the graphs (i.e., the rate at t = 0 in the graphs).arrow_forwardPure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g). Use the data provided in a graphical method and determine the order and rate constant of the reaction. Time (h) 0 2.0103 7.6103 1.00104 [O3](M) 1.00105 4.98106 2.07106 1.66106 Time (h) 1.23104 1.43104 1.70104 [O3](M) 1.39106 1.22106 1.05106arrow_forwardCompare the functions of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.arrow_forward
- Experiments during a recent summer on a number of fireflies (small beetles, Lampyridaes photinus) showed that the average interval between flashes of individual insects was 16.3 s at 21.0C and 13.0 sat 27.8C. a. What is the apparent activation energy of the reaction that controls the flashing? b. What would be the average interval between flashes of an individual firefly at 30.0C? c. Compare the observed intervals and the one you calculated in part b to the rule of thumb that the Celsius temperature is 54 minus twice the interval between flashes.arrow_forwardIodine-131 is used to treat tumors in the thyroid. Its decomposition is first-order with a half-life of 8.1 days. If a patient is given a sample containing 5.00 mg of I-131, how long will it take for 32% of the isotope to remain in her system?arrow_forward
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