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To answer:
The reason so as to why Epstein-Barr virus shows no ill-effects when this virus infects at age one even when medical care is poor and shows severe reactions when individuals are infected after puberty even when medical care is good in industrialized areas.
Concept introduction:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is also known as Human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4). This virus is responsible for causing contagious mononucleosis. It is an enveloped virus with icosahedral capsid having double-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replicates inside the nucleus of host cells. It suppresses apoptosis of B-lymphocytes, which may also lead to cancer.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
MasteringMicrobiology with Pearson Etext - Valuepack Access Card - for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System
- Susceptibility/Predisposition to Infectious Disease Why is it that some people always seem to get the flu and others don't? Why are some individuals more susceptible to SARS CoV-2? 1) links between human genetic variation and susceptibility to a specific infectious disease (e.g., Neanderthal DNA and Covid), 2) link between aging and a specific infectious disease 3) links between stress, nutrition, or exercise and a specific infectious disease. Please be sure to mention: The factor you explored The disease(s) implicated How the factor affects susceptibility to disease (i.e., mechanism)arrow_forwardWhat are some of the stimuli that can trigger reactivation of a latent herpesvirus infection? Speculate on why.arrow_forwardThe World Health Organization has announced the complete eradication of smallpox and is working to the eradication of measles and polio. Why would vaccination be more likely to eradicate a viral disease than a bacterial disease? Why can polio be eradicated but not influenza? Give reference.arrow_forward
- A number of retroviruses can infect certain human cells. List two of them, briefly describe the medical implications resulting from these infections, and describe why only certain cells are infected.arrow_forwardThe vaccine Gardasil that targets human papilloma virus (HPV), the etiological agent of genital warts, was developed after the anti-HPV medication podofilox. Why would doctors still want a vaccine created after anti-viral medications were available?arrow_forwarda. During which stages of an infectious disease does the host exhibit signs and symptoms? Is there a correlation between this and when a disease is communicable? b. Why are some viral diseases, like smallpox and polio, no longer seen in the United States? Why are many bacterial disease, like syphilis, no longer a death sentence? Think about how these two types of microbes infect humans. Why might we make an effort to treat viral diseases before infection but continue to treat bacterial diseases after infection? c. Based on the graph below, which pathogen is more virulent: Agent 1 or Agent 2? Explain. 100 Agent 1 LD5 = 400, Agent 2 LD50 = 600 25 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Dose (organisms administered per animal) Percent mortality 75arrow_forward
- What do the following viral encephalitis diseases have incommon: eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encepha-litis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, WestNile fever?(a) They are all caused by the same virus.(b) They all have the horse as a common intermediatehost.(c) They are all transmitted into the body through the biteof an infected mosquito.(d) Birds are never involved in the life cycle of the virusesthat cause these diseases.(e) Both a and d.arrow_forwardRhinoviruses, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses, these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are less likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains why vaccination of humans against rabies can be delayed until after exposure to a potential source of infection? A) Antibody responses are more rapid than those against other viruses B) T lymphocyte responses are more rapid than those against other viruses C) The virus does not infect any cells for several weeks or months D) The virus does not reach i target organ for several weeks or monthsarrow_forward
- Patients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why would this be so?arrow_forwardSome pathogens, such as HIV, can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. How do you expect virulence of such pathogens to compare with that of pathogens that are transmitted 1) only horizontally or 2) only vertically? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat do you understand about a pandemic? What is Coronavirus or COVID 19 and its causative agent? Note: Please don't give me an answer that is plagiarized.arrow_forward
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- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
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