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1.
To determine:
The test might the doctor run to diagnose the disease.
Case summary:
An old man who is 43 years old is suffering from HIV for 8 years. He is hospitalized due to mental confusion as well as disorientation, fever, headache, and a general discomfort. An enlarged liver is observed after further examination.
2.
To determine:
The opportunistic infection which is likely to be the cause of the man’s symptoms.
Case summary:
An old man who is 43 years old is suffering from HIV for 8 years. He is hospitalized due to mental confusion as well as disorientation, fever, headache, and a general discomfort. An enlarged liver is observed after further examination.
3.
To determine:
The patient’s maximum count, as the doctor performs a CD4+ cell count.
Case summary:
An old man who is 43 years old is suffering from HIV for 8 years. He is hospitalized due to mental confusion as well as disorientation, fever, headache, and a general discomfort. An enlarged liver is observed after further examination.
4.
To determine:
The way in which patient most likely become infected.
Case summary:
An old man who is 43 years old is suffering from HIV for 8 years. He is hospitalized due to mental confusion as well as disorientation, fever, headache, and a general discomfort. An enlarged liver is observed after further examination.
5.
To determine
The probable outcome for a non-immunological patient with the same
Case summary:
An old man who is 43 years old is suffering from HIV for 8 years. He is hospitalized due to mental confusion as well as disorientation, fever, headache, and a general discomfort. An enlarged liver is observed after further examination.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
MasteringMicrobiology with Pearson Etext - Valuepack Access Card - for Microbiology with Diseases by Body System
- CASE SCENARIOA 38-year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. Questions: What might be the predominant antibody present in the patient’s serum and why?What immunological response the patient’s body will develop and why?arrow_forward38) Female,35 years old in the past six months, she had recurrent fever with joint swelling and pain in both hands,periungual erythema and purpura in both lower extremities. Laboratory examination showed tinrombocytopenia, positive urnine protein, and decreased complement. The most likely diagnosis is? A Systemic lupus erythematosus B Rheumatoid Arthritis C Allergic purpura D Vasculitis E Glomerulus nephritisarrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea, which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had sexual contact with his partner for the past weeks. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was significantly low. 1. What laboratory tests in clinical chemistry are needed to confirm the patient’s diagnosisarrow_forward
- The clinical course of this disease progresses in three stages. During the acute phase, the child is treatec with intravenous immunoglobulin and: 1. Aspirin to reduce thrombosis formation that may occur within coronary artery aneurysms 2. Ibuprofen to reduce inflammation of the vascular system 3. Dialysis to remove the toxins resulting from concurrent renal failure - Plasma infusions to decrease the polycythemiaarrow_forwardIndicate whether the following sentences is either True or False and CORRECT the wrong sentences 1. People having defective APC gene are more susceptible to developing polyps (benign tumors) in the colon, and such APC mutations can arise spontaneously or be triggered by environmental mutagens 2. Primary infection is usually symptomatic 3. Exposure of Reovirus for short period of time to detergent can be applied to destroy this virus 4. MERS can spread by faecal-oral route and/or aerosol droplet transmission 5. Parvoviruses has very small linear dsDNA at 5000 kb and can only replicate when the cell is co-infected with an adenovirus 6. The Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, and during interphase, it can be exclusively detected by immunohistochemistry within the cytoplasm, but it is absent in quiescent cells (G0) 7. Herpes zoster (Shingles) is the manifestation of primary infection following chickenpox, and typically affects children 2-5 years in age 8. Acute…arrow_forwardWhat is the immunologic manifestation of: 1. Compliment deficiency 2. Myeloperoxidase 3. Reticular dysgenesisarrow_forward
- Select the most accurate answer: (please answer all the questions) 1) Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, in lymph nodes, or in other organsA. TrueB. False 2) HHV-8A. Is a human herpesvirusB. Affects the immunosuppressed patientC. Is oncogenic, causing Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphomaD. In post-transplant patients who develop KS, it appears to be due to reactivation of HHV-8E. The transmission of HHV-8 has been associated with organ transplants and injection drug useF. All of the abovearrow_forwardThe skin lesions indicative of HSV are ___ a. Papulosquamous lesions on palms and soles b. Chickenpox peripartum on the mother c. Skin vesicles d. Pustular skin lesionsarrow_forwardA 38 year-old woman went to a hospital and complained of a non-productive cough and dyspnea which has progressed over two weeks. Based on physical examination, she was pale, diaphoretic and in acute respiratory distress. According to her, she had a sexual contact with his partner. The physician ordered laboratory tests and results revealed that the CD4 count was critically low. HEMATOLOGY:Why is the CD4 count low? What might be the diagnosis of the patient?What additional hematology tests needed to confirm the diagnosis of the patient?arrow_forward
- A 6-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician's office with chickenpox. He has had symptoms for one week, and his mother is concerned about the patient's 8-year-old sister because she had a long, painful chickenpox infection 2 years prior. Of note, the patient was not vaccinated against chickenpox because his parents did not think it was a serious enough virus to warrant the pain of the injection. 5) Which of the following explanations correctly represents how this patient could have been protected from chickenpox infection? A) He would not have been infected if he were breastfed as a baby because he would have passive natural immunity. B) He would not have been infected if his mother had gamma globulin administered during pregnancy because he would have passive artificial immunity. C) He could have been protected from infection if he received active artificial immunity through the form of a vaccine. D) He may have a primary immunodeficiency disease because healthy humans are not…arrow_forwardAn otherwise healthy 24-year-old woman goes to her doctor complaining of a sudden onset of high fever, chills, uneasiness, and a severe headache. She also shows the doctor a painful sweling she is experiencing in her groin area. The doctor asks her about recent travel. She reports that she returned two days prior from a week-long camping and hiking trip in Texas. 1. How did the woman most likely contract the disease? 2. What are the potential problems associated with diagnosing this disease, and how crucial is prompt diagnosis of this disease? 3. The doctor asks you, as a nursing student rotating through his clinic, your opinion on the disease diagnosis and causative agent. What is your response? 4. How should the patient be treated? 5. Who should be notifed once the diagnosis is confimed? Why?arrow_forwardMrs. Kirby is a volunteer at a hospice. She is confused about the disease AIDS and is afraid if she comes in contact with a patient’s urine or feces she may get the disease. Lauren, the licensed practical nurse, tries to reassure Mrs. Kirby she cannot get AIDS in this manner. The following actions may help Lauren explain the disease to Mrs. Kirby. Explain the treatment for HIV and the treatment’s limitations.arrow_forward