Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 6P
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Oxygenic photosynthesis in eukaryotes (in the chloroplasts of green algae and green plants) consumeswhich of the following substrate molecules (to generate glucose, water, and oxygen product molecules)?A. C12H22O11 + H2OB. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2OC. 6CO2 + 12H2OD. C6H12O6 + C6H12O6E. 6CO2 + 12H2S
Protons move across the thylakoid membrane in both directions during the light reactions of photosynthesis......
1. When protons move in to the thylakoid, are they moving up or down their concentration gradient? (From low to high concentration or from high to low concentration?)
2. Since protons are charged, they cannot freely diffuse across a plasma membrane. What protein(s) facilitate the transport of protons in to the thylakoid?
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)arrow_forwardFor the chloroplast, the thylakoid membrane separates the thylakoid lumen from the stroma; the protons from the photosystems are transported, like with the mitochondrial inner membrane, against the gradient from the lumen to the stroma. However, the pH(lumen) – pH (stroma) is much larger, about 3.4. Calculate delta psi (the electric potential) for the thylakoid membrane, given that ∆G of proton transport is about the same as for the mitochondrion. Then comment on its permeability to ions, compared to the mitochondrial inner membrane’s permeability to ions.arrow_forwardglycolysis vs Photosynthsis List the similarities and differeces Explain their functions Explain why they have their ETC . Explain the concept of autotroph . Who is the last electron acceptor in Cellular Respiration and why? Who is the last electron acceptor in Photosynthesis and why?arrow_forward
- The compound Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) acts as an uncoupler of electrochemical gradients (in both mitochondria and chloroplasts) by shuttling protons across membranes. Predict the effect of a high dose of FCCP on the synthesis of ATP and NADPH in photosynthesis. Rationalize your answersAnswer separately with prediction and reason please thank you so mucharrow_forwardThylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to equilibrate the pH. After 30 minutes, the thylakoids were transferred to a basic solution (pH 8) and kept in the dark. Will this system produce ATP? Explain. Will this system produce G3P? Explain.arrow_forwardComplexes I and II of the electron transport system transferelectrons from NADH and succinate from _______________,respectively, to UQ.arrow_forward
- For the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.arrow_forwardThe reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexesvary from 0.The reduction potentials of iron in each of the cytochromes in the electron transport complexes vary from 0.1 V to 0.39 V. Explain why these different values are necessary for the operation of this processarrow_forwardChemiosmosis. ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is usually light dependent; it does not happen in the dark. When researchers shifted isolated chloroplasts from a low pH solution to a more alkaline (higher pH) solution, ATP synthesis occurred even in the absence of light! This was an experiment used to support the chemiosmosis mechanism of ATP formation in chloroplasts. Why? What would happen if the isolated chloroplasts were shifted to a lower pH solution? What would be the results if the above experiments were performed in the presence of light? If these experiments were performed in mitochondria instead of chloroplasts, what results would we expect?arrow_forward
- Why is a hypotonic buffer used for the resuspension? 1.DCPIP passes easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, but can't get into the thylakoid, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer. 2.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.DCPIP cannot easily across the intact chloroplast membrane, so electron transport could not be reliably measured if using a hypotonic buffer.arrow_forwardQuestion:- List the different molecules, an electrons is part of, as it moves from NADPH through the light-independent phase of photosynthesis and is synthesized into a substrate that can feed it into a NADH molecule as part of aerobic cellular respiration. Provide 2 different options for NADH production.arrow_forwardProvide a simplified schematic presentation of (non-cyclic) photophosphorylation. Clearly indicate the location and direction of electron and proton flow as well as organelle compartments. (You can also draw the Z-scheme but then you have to include ADP phosphorylation).arrow_forward
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