Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 9P
Interpretation Introduction
To calculate:
The value of
Introduction:
The Calvin Benson cycle is that which takes place during photosynthesis in the chloroplasts. This
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Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the degradation of an acetyl-CoA molecule to carbon dioxide and water if the entire proton gradient across the mitochondria's inner membrane can be used for ATP production and when the ATP synthase has 15 c-subunits.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 21 - P700* Has the Most Negative Standard Reduction...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PCh. 21 - Prob. 3PCh. 21 - Prob. 4PCh. 21 - The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in...Ch. 21 - pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7PCh. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - Prob. 9PCh. 21 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 21 - Tracing the Fate of CO2 During Photosynthesis...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12PCh. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - The Source of the Oxygen Atoms in Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Prob. 17PCh. 21 - The Overall Free Energy Change for Photosynthetic...Ch. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21P
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- Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardDetermine the total yield of ATP for the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate. Show the work and reasoning, and indicate how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are formed and in which steps. Include ATP produced in the electron transport chain. Express the answer as a rangearrow_forwardMalate dehydrogenase has a ΔGo′ΔGo′= 29.5 kJ/mol for the formation of oxaloacetate from malate yet plays a crucial role in the Citric Acid Cycle. Explain (briefly) how this enzyme with a very non-spontaneous ΔGo′ΔGo′can function well in a biochemical pathway.arrow_forward
- Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete processing of a saturated fatty acid containing 17 carbons. Consider the β-oxidation steps, processing of acetyl-CoA through the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.arrow_forward8-Pentose phosphate pathway of glucose oxidation:• scheme of reactions of the oxidative and non-oxidative stages of PFSh;• the role of regulatory enzymes and their coenzymes in PFS reactions;• total equation of reactions of PFSh;• biological significance of PFSh and PFCarrow_forward"Anaerobic glycolysis" (the conversion of glucose all the way to two lactate molecules) results in no net production of NADH. True or False- whyarrow_forward
- Introduction: As one of the reactants in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate is an important cellular metabolite. The concentrations of oxaloacetate are tightly regulated. Different organisms employ different mechanisms to obtain oxaloacetate. In mammals and yeast, oxaloacetate is the product of the pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) reaction. In E. coli, the enzyme phophoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) provides oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) obtained from glucose oxidation in the glycolytic pathway. If glucose is absent and E. coli is using acetate as a carbon source, the glyoxylate pathway serves to generate the needed oxaloacetate. Usually, an organism will employ PPC or PYC, but not both. Detectable levels of PYC in the methanogenic bacterium Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum had previously not been found, and since PPC had been detected, it was believed that M. thermautotrophicum did not possess PYC. However, in the case described here, microbiologists…arrow_forwardTrue or false? The E2 component of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex binds NAD+ in its active site.arrow_forwardEthanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?arrow_forward
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